Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33922824›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021

Current State of Analgesia and Sedation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Chinyere Egbuta, Keira P Mason

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06221150 (Ultrasound-guided Bilateral Two Levels Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery With Median Sternotomy), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06221150 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Ultrasound-guided Bilateral Two Levels Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery With Median Sternotomy : A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorCairo UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled48ConditionsCongenital Heart DiseaseArmsBilateral two level serratus anterior block
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. A step in the right direction.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Enteral Pentobarbital in the Difficult to Sedate Critically Ill Children.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2024
    Article
  18. Erythrocytic metabolism of ATLX-0199: An agent that increases minute ventilation.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Chinyere EgbutaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Keira P MasonDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9375-7816
Boston Children's Hospital · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Critically ill pediatric patients often require complex medical procedures as well as invasive testing and monitoring which tend to be painful and anxiety-provoking, necessitating the provision of analgesia and sedation to reduce stress response. Achieving the optimal combination of adequate analgesia and appropriate sedation can be quite challenging in a patient population with a wide spectrum of ages, sizes, and developmental stages. The added complexities of critical illness in the pediatric population such as evolving pathophysiology, impaired organ function, as well as altered pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics must be considered. Undersedation leaves patients at risk of physical and psychological stress which may have significant long term consequences. Oversedation, on the other hand, leaves the patient at risk of needing prolonged respiratory, specifically mechanical ventilator, support, prolonged ICU stay and hospital admission, and higher risk of untoward effects of analgosedative agents. Both undersedation and oversedation put critically ill pediatric patients at high risk of developing PICU-acquired complications (PACs) like delirium, withdrawal syndrome, neuromuscular atrophy and weakness, post-traumatic stress disorder, and poor rehabilitation. Optimal analgesia and sedation is dependent on continuous patient assessment with appropriately validated tools that help guide the titration of analgosedative agents to effect. Bundled interventions that emphasize minimizing benzodiazepines, screening for delirium frequently, avoiding physical and chemical restraints thereby allowing for greater mobility, and promoting adequate and proper sleep will disrupt the PICU culture of immobility and reduce the incidence of PACs.

Indexed as

analgesiacritically ill pediatric patientdeliriumPICUPICU-acquired complicationssedationwithdrawal

Identifiers

PMID33922824
PMCPMC8122992
OpenAlexW3157046543

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.