Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33922812›Full record

ArticleVaccines2021

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Front-Line Health Care Workers: A Nationwide Survey of Emergency Medical Services Personnel from Germany.

André Nohl, Christian Afflerbach, Christian Lurz, Bastian Brune, Tobias Ohmann, Veronika Weichert, Sascha Zeiger, Marcel Dudda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. First Responders Have Lower COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Than Other Healthcare Providers.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

André NohlEmergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Oberhausen, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany.
Christian AfflerbachEmergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Oberhausen, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany.
Christian LurzEmergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Oberhausen, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany.
Bastian BruneDepartment of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Tobias OhmannDepartment of Research, BG Klinikum Duisburg, 47249 Duisburg, Germany.
Veronika WeichertHelicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS), 47249 Duisburg, Germany.
Sascha ZeigerDepartment of Emergency Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg, 47249 Duisburg, Germany.
Marcel DuddaHelicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS), 47249 Duisburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6641-5506

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel as front-line health care workers (HCW) in Germany. Several studies have shown low willingness for vaccination (e.g., seasonal influenza) among HCWs and EMS personnel.

methodsWe created a web-based survey. The questions were closed and standardized. Demographic data were collected (age, sex, federal state, profession). Experience with own COVID-19 infection, or infection in personal environment (family, friends) as well as willingness to vaccinate was queried.

resultsThe sample includes

conclusionsDue to the low overall acceptance of vaccination by HCWs, we recommend that the groups with vaccination hesitancy, in particular, be recruited for vaccination through interventions such as continuing education and awareness campaigns.

Indexed as

CoronaCOVID-19emergency medical servicesEMSfront-linehealth-care workershesitancySARS-CoV-2vaccination

Identifiers

PMID33922812
PMCPMC8144974

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.