ReviewCancers2021
The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 269 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
269 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 426 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic significance of NLRP-3 expression in solid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Mechanistic Effects of Ginsenosides on Enhancing Radiotherapy and Providing Radioprotection.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Pooled it
- Association of future cancer metastases with fibroblast activation protein-α: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Bone niche-driven antitumor immune failure in osteosarcoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome-Induced Reprogramming of Tongue Tumor Microenvironment.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Tumoricidal efficacy of DZ-1 dye conjugated to dihydroartemisinin in patient-derived colorectal liver metastasis tumoroids.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress and Obesity-Associated Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Health Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Prediction of single cell expression from low-plex immunofluorescence images for guiding precision oncology.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer: Transcriptional Regulation, Biomarker Challenges, and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Review
- Programmed cell death and metastatic evolution in breast cancer: the role of anoikis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Cancer-associated adipomes promote invadopodia formation and enhance metastatic potential in triple-negative breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- The Niche Awakens: Comprehension of Cancer Stem Cells' Microenvironment to Plan New Therapeutic Strategies.Cells · 2026Review
- Review
- Dual Roles of hABCB1 in Drug Resistance and Immune Evasion: Implications for Lung Cancer Therapy.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Article
- The Complosome: An Emerging Intracellular Complement Network in Cancer Development and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Decoding disease and therapy through multiomics integration and systems analysis.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- Deciphering autophagy-metabolism interactions in cancer drug resistance: a comprehensive review.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Review
209 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates essential tumor survival and promotion functions. Interactions between the cellular and structural components of the TME allow cancer cells to become invasive and disseminate from the primary site to distant locations, through a complex and multistep metastatic cascade. Tumor-associated M2-type macrophages have growth-promoting and immunosuppressive functions; mesenchymal cells mass produce exosomes that increase the migratory ability of cancer cells; cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) reorganize the surrounding matrix creating migration-guiding tracks for cancer cells. In addition, the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) exerts determinant roles in disease progression and cancer cell migration and regulates therapeutic responses. The hypoxic conditions generated at the primary tumor force cancer cells to genetically and/or epigenetically adapt in order to survive and metastasize. In the circulation, cancer cells encounter platelets, immune cells, and cytokines in the blood microenvironment that facilitate their survival and transit. This review discusses the roles of different cellular and structural tumor components in regulating the metastatic process, targeting approaches using small molecule inhibitors, nanoparticles, manipulated exosomes, and miRNAs to inhibit tumor invasion as well as current and future strategies to remodel the TME and enhance treatment efficacy to block the detrimental process of metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.