ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Student Health Implications of School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Evidence on the Association of e-Learning, Outdoor Exercise, and Myopia.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of myopia in children using digital devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Digital Screen Time and Myopia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and associated public health measures increase the progression of myopia among children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Pooled it
- Evolution of outdoor sports during the COVID-19 post-lockdown in Spain: a nationwide population-based study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Research on the impact of generative AI interaction modes on the improvement of school-age children's early reading ability and college students' auxiliary intervention.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of the first wave of COVID-19 on Chinese students' psychology and behavior: a case study approach.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- [Visual complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and Portugal].Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia · 2023Article
- Myopia among children and adolescents: an epidemiological study in Fuzhou City.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Flipped teaching transition to online teaching by STEM educators during the COVID-19 pandemic.Advances in physiology education · 2022Article
- Youth physical activity and the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Review
- Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards' Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Let Us Avoid a 'Myopic View' in Times of COVID-19.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Myopia and axial length in school-aged children before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown-A population-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Photopic pupil size change in myopic orthokeratology and its influence on axial length elongation.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Psychological Distancing Usage Uniquely Predicts Reduced Perceived Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Complex Interplay Between COVID-19 Lockdown and Myopic Progression.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- The Association Between Electronic Learning and Myopia Progression Among School-Age Children During the Coronavirus Disease 2019.Beyoglu eye journal · 2022Article
- The Impact of Extended E-Learning on Emotional Well-Being of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced many education systems to consider alternative remote e-learning modalities, which have consequential behavioral and health implications for youth. In particular, increased e-learning engagement with digital screens and reduction in outdoor activities are two likely channels posing adverse risks for myopia development. This study investigated the association between e-learning screen use, outdoor activity, lighting condition, and myopia development among school-age children in China, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 3405 school-age children attending primary, lower-secondary, and upper-secondary schools in China. Univariate parametric and nonparametric tests, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Findings show that each diopter hour increase in daily e-learning screen use is significantly associated with progression of myopia symptoms (OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.058-1.089;
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.