ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Effects of Haloperidol, Risperidone, and Aripiprazole on the Immunometabolic Properties of BV-2 Microglial Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Haloperidol induces neuroprotection and enhances neuromuscular function in both murine and human models of spinal muscular atrophy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Jingxin Zhidong Formula Alleviates Tic Disorder via Modulation of Microglial IKK/NF-κB Signaling and Striatal Neurotransmitter Homeostasis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Haloperidol Triggers RAW264.7 Macrophages Injury through Oxidative Stress-Driven Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Genomic Instability, and Apoptotic Cell Death.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Ketogenic Diet as Protection for Deprescribing Antipsychotics.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Hypoxia Supports LPS-Driven Tolerance and Functional Activation in BV-2 Microglial Cells.Biology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-5, Eosinophil, and Immunoglobulin A Levels in Schizophrenia Patients.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- A single dose of haloperidol decanoate induces short-term hippocampal neuroinflammation: focus on the glial response.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Glial Cells in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Speculations on Non-Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Impact of neuroinflammation on brain glutamate and dopamine signalling in schizophrenia: an update.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Peering into the mind: unraveling schizophrenia's secrets using models.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Influence of antipsychotic drugs on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: perspectives in an astrocyte-microglia co-culture model.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Prenatal Immune Challenge Differentiates the Effect of Aripiprazole and Risperidone on CD200-CD200R and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Dyads and Microglial Polarization: A Study in Organotypic Cortical Cultures.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Aripiprazole as protector against COVID-19 mortality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Enzymatic Metabolic Switches of Astrocyte Response to Lipotoxicity as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Nervous System Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cardiometabolic Modulation by Semaglutide Contributes to Cardioprotection in Rats with Myocardial Infarction.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Clozapine: More Than Just a Side Effect in Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Dosage of Antipsychotic Drug Aripiprazole Induces Persistent Mitochondrial Hyperpolarisation, Moderate Oxidative Stress in Liver Cells, and Haemolysis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of Risperidone Toxicity in Zebrafish (Comparative medicine · 2023Article
- Minocycline and antipsychotics inhibit inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS via regulating the MAPKs/ JAK-STAT signaling pathway.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Taurine, an essential β-amino acid insulates against ketamine-induced experimental psychosis by enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of oxidative/nitrergic imbalances, and suppression of COX-2/iNOS immunoreactions in mice.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microglial cells are resident macrophages in the brain that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. There is a lack of studies covering the effects of antipsychotics on microglial cells. The current literature points to a possible anti-inflammatory action without clear mechanisms of action. The aim of this study is to characterize the effects of haloperidol, risperidone and aripiprazole on BV-2 microglial cells in in vitro conditions. We have used immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to analyze the classical pro and anti-inflammatory markers, while a real-time metabolic assay (Seahorse) was used to assess metabolic function. We analyzed the expression of p70S6K to evaluate the mTOR pathway activity with Western blot. In this study, we demonstrate the varying effects of haloperidol, risperidone and aripiprazole administration in BV-2 microglial cells. All three tested antipsychotics were successful in reducing the pro-inflammatory action of microglial cells, although only aripiprazole increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers. Most significant differences in the possible mechanisms of action were seen in the real-time metabolic assays and in the mTORC1 signaling pathway activity, with aripiprazole being the only antipsychotic to reduce the mTORC1 activity. Our results shed some new light on the effects of haloperidol, risperidone and aripiprazole action in microglial cells, and reveal a novel possible mechanism of action for aripiprazole.
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