ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Links between Immune Cells from the Periphery and the Brain in the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy: A Narrative Review.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Inflammatory Mediators in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Its Molecular Basis and Clinical Applications.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Energy Homeostasis Disruption in Neurological Disorders: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, High-Energy Phosphate Transfer, and Extracellular ATP-Dependent Purinergic Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Brain-specific immune hub activation in paediatric focal lesional epilepsy: a case-control study.Brain communications · 2026Article
- The translocator protein antagonist ONO-2952 attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in an epilepsy rat model.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Gastrodin alleviates neuronal damage in epileptic cell models by targeting P2RY12 to inhibit microglial hyperactivation.PloS one · 2026Article
- MCP-1 Is Elevated in the Cerebral Fluid of Children With Tourette Syndrome: Case Series and Literature Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Investigation in blood-brain barrier integrity and susceptibility to immune cell penetration in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Predictive value of pan-immune-inflammation value in the prognosis of adults with status epilepticus: a retrospective study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain temperature, brain metabolites, and immune system phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- The Impact of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Contributions to Pathogenesis and Progression.ACS omega · 2024Review
- The Development of Epilepsy Following CNS Viral Infections: Mechanisms.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- The Emerging Role of Immunoglobulins and Complement in the Stimulation of Neuronal Activity and Repair: Not as Simple as We Thought.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Ulinastatin modulates NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in PTZ-induced epileptic mice: A potential mechanistic insight.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammation and Epilepsy: From Pathophysiology to Therapies Based on Repurposing Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Identification of hub genes significantly linked to temporal lobe epilepsy and apoptosisFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Astrocytes as a target for therapeutic strategies in epilepsy: current insights.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Microbiota-gut-brain axis and ketogenic diet: how close are we to tackling epilepsy?Microbiome research reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the pathogenesis of epilepsy is linked to neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Peripheral immune cell invasion into the brain, along with these responses, is implicitly involved in epilepsy. This review explored the current literature on the association between the peripheral and central nervous systems in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and highlights novel research directions for therapeutic interventions targeting these reactions. Previous experimental and human studies have demonstrated the activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the brain. The time required for monocytes (responsible for innate immunity) and T cells (involved in acquired immunity) to invade the central nervous system after a seizure varies. Moreover, the time between the leakage associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) failure and the infiltration of these cells varies. This suggests that cell infiltration is not merely a secondary disruptive event associated with BBB failure, but also a non-disruptive event facilitated by various mediators produced by the neurovascular unit consisting of neurons, perivascular astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, genetic manipulation has enabled the differentiation between peripheral monocytes and resident microglia, which was previously considered difficult. Thus, the evidence suggests that peripheral monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of seizures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.