ReviewNutrients2021
Beneficial Effects of Early Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Diseases: Importance of Aligning Food Habits with the Circadian Clock.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early, midday, and late time-restricted eating impact on anthropometry and cardiometabolic health: a network meta-analysis of RCTs.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Temporal Eating Patterns and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Adverse events profile associated with intermittent fasting in adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- Meal frequency strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes subjects: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Time-Restricted Eating with Caloric Restriction vs. Caloric Restriction for Weight Loss and Health: Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Early Time-Restricted Feeding on Glycemic Profile in Adults: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies.The review of diabetic studies : RDS · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of time restricted eating and resistance training on body composition and mood profiles among young adults with overweight/obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Late 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating for Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Trial
- Impact of 8-hour time-limited eating on sleep in adolescents with obesity.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Trial
- Effects of time-restricted feeding and walking exercise on the physical health of female college students with hidden obesity: a randomized trial.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- Cold-Induced Thermogenesis Shows a Diurnal Variation That Unfolds Differently in Males and Females.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Time-Limited Eating and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents with Obesity: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Review
- Work-Influenced Circadian Disruption Connected to Disease Risk but Not Microbiomes in a Cohort of Philadelphia Nurses.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Time-Restricted Eating, Cardiometabolic Health in Obesity and The Optimal Length of the Eating Window.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- A Novel Chronotype-Based Mediterranean Diet Pyramid: An Updated Representation by the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and the Italian Society of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI).Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Circadian influences on glycemic control in 24-hr fasts initiated at different mealtimes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Effects of timing and eating duration of time restricted eating on metabolic outcomes: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The importance of metabolic health is a major societal concern due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and various cardiovascular diseases. The circadian clock is clearly implicated in the development of these metabolic diseases. Indeed, it regulates physiological processes by hormone modulation, thus helping the body to perform them at the ideal time of day. Since the industrial revolution, the actions and rhythms of everyday life have been modified and are characterized by changes in sleep pattern, work schedules, and eating habits. These modifications have in turn lead to night shift, social jetlag, late-night eating, and meal skipping, a group of customs that causes circadian rhythm disruption and leads to an increase in metabolic risks. Intermittent fasting, especially the time-restricted eating, proposes a solution: restraining the feeding window from 6 to 10 h per day to match it with the circadian clock. This approach seems to improve metabolic health markers and could be a therapeutic solution to fight against metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the importance of matching life habits with circadian rhythms for metabolic health and assesses the advantages and limits of the application of time-restricted fasting with the objective of treating and preventing metabolic diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.