ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Role of Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Gut-Brain Communication.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Interrelationships between Cytokines and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles - brain invaders? A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- The glymphatic-lymphatic axis: known pathways, open questions, and emerging roles in neurodegeneration.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota-Immune System Crosstalk: From Mucosal Architecture to Adaptive Immunity Programming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Post-Anesthesia Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Review
- RNA in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles of Adolescent Rhesus Macaques Reveals Immune, Bioenergetic, and Microbial Imprints of Early-Life Adversity: An Exploratory Analysis.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between the brain and peripheral organs in Alzheimer's disease: evidence, mechanisms, and translational perspectives.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles in the brain: Pathological effects and therapeutic possibilities.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Microbial messengers: decoding the gut microbiota's role in bone health through immunomodulation and exosomal signaling.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Obesity-Related Cognitive Impairment: An Update Overview of Mechanisms and Treatments.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut-Vascular-Brain Axis: A Missing Mechanistic Link Between IBD and Stroke Risk.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Gut Luminal Exosomes in Young and Old Mice: Multi-Omic Characteristics and Regulation of Gut Permeability.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Diagnostic Tools in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Mental health and gut-brain crosstalk: implications for depression and Alzheimer's disease.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Pre-treatment serum extracellular vesicle-enriched microbiome profiles and SSRI treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective naturalistic cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gut-derived small extracellular vesicles support trained innate immune tolerance in murine microglial cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human intestinal microbiota comprise of a dynamic population of bacterial species and other microorganisms with the capacity to interact with the rest of the organism and strongly influence the host during homeostasis and disease. Commensal and pathogenic bacteria coexist in homeostasis with the intestinal epithelium and the gastrointestinal tract's immune system, or GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), of the host. However, a disruption to this homeostasis or dysbiosis by different factors (e.g., stress, diet, use of antibiotics, age, inflammatory processes) can cause brain dysfunction given the communication between the gut and brain. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bacteria have emerged as possible carriers in gut-brain communication through the interaction of their vesicle components with immune receptors, which lead to neuroinflammatory immune response activation. This review discusses the critical role of bacterial EVs from the gut in the neuropathology of brain dysfunctions by modulating the immune response. These vesicles, which contain harmful bacterial EV contents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycans, toxins and nucleic acids, are capable of crossing tissue barriers including the blood-brain barrier and interacting with the immune receptors of glial cells (e.g., Toll-like receptors) to lead to the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which can cause brain impairment and behavioral dysfunctions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.