ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Is Smiling the Key? Machine Learning Analytics Detect Subtle Patterns in Micro-Expressions of Infants with ASD.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial Intelligence Methods in Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A DSM-5 Criterion-Based Systematic Review.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Pooled it
- Automated Quantification of Affect Synchrony: Links to Autism Risk and Social Communication in Infancy.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Facial Expression Metrics as Digital Biomarkers of Neurologic Disease.Neurology open access · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of AI-Based Approaches for Detecting Autism Traits Using Voice and Behavioral Data.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Beyond FACS: Data-driven Facial Expression Dictionaries, with Application to Predicting Autism.Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition · 2025Article
- Analysis of Social Performance and Action Units During Social Skills Training: Focus Group Study of Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Can micro-expressions be used as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder?Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2024Article
- Early detection of autism using digital behavioral phenotyping.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Public mental health through social media in the post COVID-19 era.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Systematic bibliometric and visualized analysis of research hotspots and trends in artificial intelligence in autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2023Article
- Where Is the Artificial Intelligence Applied in Dentistry? Systematic Review and Literature Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Dynamics of Looking and Smiling Differ for Young Infants at Elevated Likelihood for ASD.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant StudiesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Time is a key factor to consider in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Detecting the condition as early as possible is crucial in terms of treatment success. Despite advances in the literature, it is still difficult to identify early markers able to effectively forecast the manifestation of symptoms. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides effective alternatives for behavior screening. To this end, we investigated facial expressions in 18 autistic and 15 typical infants during their first ecological interactions, between 6 and 12 months of age. We employed Openface, an AI-based software designed to systematically analyze facial micro-movements in images in order to extract the subtle dynamics of Social Smiles in unconstrained Home Videos. Reduced frequency and activation intensity of Social Smiles was computed for children with autism. Machine Learning models enabled us to map facial behavior consistently, exposing early differences hardly detectable by non-expert naked eye. This outcome contributes to enhancing the potential of AI as a supportive tool for the clinical framework.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.