ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Antimicrobial Use in Animals in Timor-Leste Based on Veterinary Antimicrobial Imports between 2016 and 2019.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-sectional survey of resistant priority pathogen carriage in the hospital setting in Timor-Leste 2020-2021.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Knowledge and practices related to antimicrobial use in fighting cocks - a survey of fighting cock owners in Timor-Leste.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A scoping review of antibiotic use practices and drivers of inappropriate antibiotic use in animal farms in WHO Southeast Asia region.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Categorisation of Antimicrobial Use in Fijian Livestock Production Systems.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices of government animal health workers on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Timor-Leste.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial consumption in food animals in Fiji: Analysis of the 2017 to 2021 import data.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2022Article
- Knowledge and Practices on Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance Among Smallholder Pig Farmers in Timor-Leste.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Monitoring veterinary antimicrobial use is part of the global strategy to tackle antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to quantify veterinary antimicrobials imported into Timor-Leste between 2016 and 2019 and describe the antimicrobial import profile of importers. Data were obtained from import applications received by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) of Timor-Leste. Import quantities were analysed by antimicrobial class, importance for human medicine, recommended route of administration and type of importer. An average of 57.4 kg (s.d. 31.0 kg) and 0.55 mg/kg (s.d. 0.27 mg/kg) animal biomass of antimicrobials was imported per year. Tetracyclines (35.5%), penicillins (23.7%), and macrolides (15.9%) were the commonly imported antimicrobial classes. Antimicrobials imported for parenteral administration were most common (60.1%). MAF was the largest importer (52.4%). Most of the critically important antimicrobials for human medicine were imported by poultry farms for oral administration and use for growth promotion could not be ruled out. In conclusion, the use of antimicrobials in animals in Timor-Leste is very low, in keeping with its predominantly subsistence agriculture system. Farmer education, development of treatment guidelines, and strengthening of the veterinary service is important for addressing the potential future misuse of antimicrobials especially in the commercial poultry industry.
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Registered trials
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