ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Comparative Phenotypic and Functional Analyses of the Effects of IL-10 or TGF-β on Porcine Macrophages.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic and functional changes to porcine monocyte-derived macrophages triggered by IL-1β and its receptor antagonist IL-1Ra.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of the bidirectional regulatory network between immune cells and stromal cells in cardiac repair and fibrosis following myocardial infarction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring macrophage polarization: biological insights, key laboratory techniques and research perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Interleukin-10 family cytokines: key regulators and novel therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Breed Varieties of Pigs for Disease Resistance and Susceptibility to Seneca Valley Virus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Monotropein attenuates renal cell carcinoma cell progression and M2 macrophage polarization by weakening NF-κB.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
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- The Impacts ofFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems targeting inflammatory immune mechanisms in acute myocardial infarction: current advances and perspectives.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Comprehensive macro and micro views on immune cells in ischemic heart disease.Cell proliferation · 2024Review
- Knock down of transforming growth factor beta improves expressions of co-stimulatory molecules, type I interferon-regulated genes, and pro-inflammatory cytokine in PRRSV-inoculated monocyte-derived macrophages.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Characterizing the immune response to myocardial infarction in pigs.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Type I and II interferons, transcription factors and major histocompatibility complexes were enhanced by knocking down the PRRSV-induced transforming growth factor beta in monocytes co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Heterogeneity of Phenotypic and Functional Changes to Porcine Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Triggered by Diverse Polarizing Factors In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Goat milk extracellular vesicles: immuno-modulation effects on porcine monocyte-derived macrophagesFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic cells involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis and defense against pathogens. Macrophages may be polarized into different functionally specialized subsets. M2c macrophages arise following stimulation with IL-10 or TGF-β and mediate anti-inflammatory and tissue repair functions. M2c macrophages remain poorly characterized in the pig, thus we investigated the impact of these regulatory cytokines on porcine monocyte-derived macrophages (moMΦ). The phenotype and functionality of these cells was characterized though confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, and RT-qPCR. Both cytokines induced CD14 and MHC II DR down-regulation and reduced IL-6, TNF-α, and CD14 expression, suggestive of an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, neither IL-10 or TGF-β were able to trigger IL-10 induction or release by moMΦ. Differences between these cytokines were observed: stimulation with IL-10, but not TGF-β, induced up-regulation of both CD16 and CD163 on moMΦ. In addition, IL-10 down-regulated expression of IL-1β and IL-12p40 4h post-stimulation and induced a stronger impairment of moMΦ ability to respond to either TLR2 or TLR4 agonists. Overall, our results provide an overview of porcine macrophage polarization by two immunosuppressive cytokines, revealing differences between IL-10 and TGF-β, and reporting some peculiarity of swine, which should be considered in translational studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.