ReviewNutrients2021
Effects of Calorie Restriction on Health Span and Insulin Resistance: Classic Calorie Restriction Diet vs. Ketosis-Inducing Diet.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intermittent Fasting for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Risks: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping research landscapes: a bibliometric and visual analysis of ketogenic diet interventions in liver health (2013-2024).Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal obesity and the metabolic syndrome in reproductive health: assessing incretin-based interventions.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Effect of long-term use of very low-carbohydrate Ketogenic diet on the thyroid gland and adipose tissue of adult male albino rats (biochemical and histological study).Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Role of the UHRF1-KLHL6-CORO2B axis in obesity-related insulin resistance.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Effects of Diet Strategy and Nutrients on the Progression and Prevention of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Narrative Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Functional Foods as Modulators of Epigenetic Mechanisms Affecting Metabolic Health in Adolescence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Intersection of Precision Nutrition and Bladder Cancer: A Narrative State-of-the-Art Review of Potential Applications and Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Dietetic Prescriptions in Bipolar Disorder: Nutritional Strategies to Support Mood Stability and Reduce Relapse Risk-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Awareness and best practices in using ketogenic therapy to treat serious mental illness: a modified Delphi consensus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Link between physical activity, nutrition, and antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy: Implications for resistance management.SAGE open medicine · 2026Review
- Reconceptualizing bipolar disorder through an integrative biological lens: synthesis, convergence, and emerging directions.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- Relationship of HOMA-IR with chronic kidney disease in diabetic and non-diabetic Chinese populations: findings from the REACTION study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Dietary Restriction Has a Strong and Positive Effect on Both Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity, in an Age- and Diet-Dependent Manner.Aging cell · 2025Article
- High fat diet exacerbated glycolipid metabolism disorder in kidney Yang deficiency rats by interfering with IRS 1-PI3K (p85) -Akt-GLUT 4 pathway.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Circadian clocks and periodic anticipated fasting prevent fasting-associated hepatic steatosis in calorie restriction.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Semaglutide and human reproduction: caution at the intersection of energy balance, ovarian function, and follicular development.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Leydig Cell Aging and Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Men: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- A Case Series on the Efficacy of the Pharmacological Treatment of Lipedema: The Italian Experience with Exenatide.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As the incidence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCDs) increases, preventive approaches become more crucial. In this review, calorie restriction (CR) effects on human beings were evaluated, comparing the benefits and risks of different CR diets: classic CR vs. ketosis-inducing diets, including intermittent fasting (IF), classic ketogenic diet (CKD), fasting mimicking diet (FMD), very-low-calorie ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) and Spanish ketogenic Mediterranean diet (SKMD). Special emphasis on insulin resistance (IR) was placed, as it mediates metabolic syndrome (MS), a known risk factor for CNCD, and is predictive of MS diagnosis. CR is the most robust intervention known to increase lifespan and health span, with high evidence and known biochemical mechanisms. CR improves cardiometabolic risk parameters, boosts exercise insulin sensitivity response, and there may be benefits of implementing moderate CR on healthy young and middle-aged individuals. However, there is insufficient evidence to support long-term CR. CKD is effective for weight and MS management, and may have additional benefits such as prevention of muscle loss and appetite control. SKMD has extreme significance benefits for all the metabolic parameters studied. Studies show inconsistent benefits of IF compared to classic CR. More studies are required to study biochemical parameters, reinforce evidence, identify risks, and seek effective and safe nutritional CR approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.