ArticleCancers2021
Ginsenoside Rh1 Induces MCF-7 Cell Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death through ROS-Mediated Akt Signaling.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of ginseng and ginsenosides on muscle wasting disorders: Cachexia, sarcopenia, anorexia, and aging.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Emerging and underexplored ginsenosides in cancer therapy (2020-2025): Beyond cytotoxic mechanisms.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Ginsenosides fromJournal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Research Progress on the Anticancer Effect of Ginsenoside Rh1.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits tumor growth in mice with colorectal cancer and depressive symptoms via modulation of the gut microbiota and tumor microenvironment.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Targeting hypoxia-mediated chemo-immuno resistance by a hybrid NBDHEX-Pt(IV) prodrug via declining nuclear STING1-promoted AhR-CIN in human lung squamous cell carcinoma.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Unlocking ginsenosides' therapeutic power with polymer-based delivery systems: current applications and future perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Curcumin/pEGCG-encapsulated nanoparticles enhance spinal cord injury recovery by regulating CD74 to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Natural products for enhancing the sensitivity or decreasing the adverse effects of anticancer drugs through regulating the redox balance.Chinese medicine · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside Rd reduces cell proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by p53-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Docking-Based Virtual Screening Method for Selecting Natural Compounds with Synergistic Inhibitory Effects Against Cancer Signalling Pathways Using a Multi-Target Approach.Iranian journal of biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Applications of Ginseng Natural Compounds for Health Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Tailoring Potential Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Luminal Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Ginsenosides: changing the basic hallmarks of cancer cells to achieve the purpose of treating breast cancer.Chinese medicine · 2023Review
- Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol induces apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer cells by inducing reactive oxygen species-dependent inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2023Article
- Exploring the anti-cancer potential of dietary phytochemicals for the patients with breast cancer: A comprehensive review.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- TOM40 regulates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through ROS-mediated AKT/mTOR and p53 signaling.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Updating the therapeutic role of ginsenosides in breast cancer: a bibliometrics study to an in-depth review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Anticancer therapeutic effect of ginsenosides through mediating reactive oxygen species.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Ginsenosides exhibit anticancer activity against various cancer cells. However, the effects of ginsenoside Rh1 on BC and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of Rh1 on human BC MCF-7 and HCC1428 cells and the underlying signaling pathways. The anticancer effects of Rh1 in vitro were evaluated using sulforhodamine B (SRB), 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), clonogenic assay, propidium iodide (PI)/Hoechst staining, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analysis. The in vivo effects of Rh1 were determined using a xenograft model via hematoxylin and eosin and the immunohistochemistry staining of tumor tissues. We found that Rh1 exerted cytotoxicity in the cells by increasing cell apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest. These effects were further enhanced by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor but were rescued by the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, enhanced ROS generation by Rh1 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Consistently, Rh1 treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo and increased the ROS production and protein expression of LC3B and cleaved caspase-3 but decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and retinoblastoma (Rb) in tumor tissues. Taken together, Rh1 exerted a potential anticancer effect on BC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via inhibition of the ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.