ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Has the COVID 19 Virus Changed Adherence to Hand Washing among Healthcare Workers?
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Compared hand hygiene compliance among healthcare providers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review and meta-analysis.American journal of infection control · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol-based hand rub consumption and hand hygiene compliance: a cross-sectional study using digital direct-observation tools in Slovakia.Infection prevention in practice · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Hand Hygiene Adherence in Selected Healthcare Settings in Latin America and East Africa as Part of COVID-19 Response Efforts, 2020-2021.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Handwashing practice among dental students: lessons unlearned from the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Monitoring the Effectiveness of a Preschool Hand Hygiene Intervention Using Flow Cytometry to Determine the Reduction in the Microbiological Counts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-acquired infections and multi-drug resistant organisms, in comparison to seasonal influenza.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on the degree of compliance with hand hygiene: a repeated cross-sectional study.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Barriers and facilitators of compliance with infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in health facilities in Kampala city, Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- A helping hand: Applying behavioural science and co-design methodology to improve hand hygiene compliance in the hospital setting.PloS one · 2024Article
- WASH Levels and Associated Human Health Risks in War-Prone West African Countries: A Global Indicators Study (2015 to 2021).Environmental health insights · 2024Review
- Assessment of Hand-Washing Knowledge and Practice among Nursing Undergraduates in Saudi Arabia.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Healthcare staff perceptions of an electronic hand hygiene monitoring system within a large university system.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Microbiological Analysis of Surgeons' Hands in a Public Hospital in São Luis, Maranhão State, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic waves on health-care worker hand hygiene activity in department of medicine and ICU as measured by an automated monitoring system.Infection, disease & health · 2023Article
- Article
- A Survey of Public Health Failures During COVID-19.Cureus · 2022Review
- The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene adherence among pediatric physicians, in Saudi Arabia.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Predictors of Compliance to Hand Hygiene among Health Care Workers in Rwanda.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess adherence to hand washing by healthcare workers (HCWs) and its variations over time in hospital wards. We wanted to check whether the pandemic had changed the behavior of HCWs. The study was conducted between 1 January 2015, and 31 December 2020. The HCWs were observed to assess their compliance with the Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. We described the percentage of adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines stratified per year, per specialty areas, per different types of HCWs. We also observed the use of gloves. Descriptive data were reported as frequencies and percentages. We observed 13,494 hand hygiene opportunities. The majority of observations concerned nurses who were confirmed as the category most frequently involved with patients. Hospital's global adherence to WHO guidelines did not change in the last six years. During the pandemic, the rate of adherence to the procedure increased significantly only in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In 2020, the use of gloves increased in pre-patient contact. The hand-washing permanent monitoring confirmed that it is very difficult to obtain the respect of correct hand hygiene in all opportunities, despite the ongoing pandemic and the fear of contagion.
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