ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Pharmacological Modulators of Autophagy as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of COVID-19.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of the sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor opaganib.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Potential Activity of 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone as an Antiviral for Bovine Coronavirus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cannabis and Cannabidiol, GLP-1 Receptors, and Autophagy: The Burgeoning Link Between Cognitive Neurodegeneration With Alzheimer's Disease and Metabolic Disorders.Discovery medicine · 2026Article
- Autophagy and Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Exploitation, and Therapeutic Insights.Cells · 2025Review
- Cannabis and Cannabidiol: Pioneering Treatment for the Nervous System with Alzheimer's Disease and Peripheral Organ Involvement with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).Current neurovascular research · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review on computational metabolomics: Advancing multiscale analysis throughComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Post-Acute Sequelae and Mitochondrial Aberration in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Autism spectrum disorder and a possible role of anti-inflammatory treatments: experience in the pediatric allergy/immunology clinic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- In Vitro Evaluation of Antiviral Activities of Funicone-like Compounds Vermistatin and Penisimplicissin against Canine Coronavirus Infection.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Spermidine-Eugenol Supplement Preserved Inflammation-Challenged Intestinal Cells by Stimulating Autophagy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Insight into Oncogenic Viral Pathways as Drivers of Viral Cancers: Implication for Effective Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular-related proteomic changes in ECFCs exposed to the serum of COVID-19 patients.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Live and let die: signaling AKTivation and UPRegulation dynamics in SARS-CoVs infection and cancer.Cell death & disease · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Salivary Protein Profile: Unravelling Molecular Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Possible role of autophagy induced by COVID-19 in cancer progression, chemo-resistance, and tumor recurrence.Infectious agents and cancer · 2022Article
- Deferiprone: A Forty-Year-Old Multi-Targeting Drug with Possible Activity against COVID-19 and Diseases of Similar Symptomatology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The family of coronaviruses (CoVs) uses the autophagy machinery of host cells to promote their growth and replication; thus, this process stands out as a potential target to combat COVID-19. Considering the different roles of autophagy during viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, in this review, we discuss several clinically used drugs that have effects at different stages of autophagy. Among them, we mention (1) lysosomotropic agents, which can prevent CoVs infection by alkalinizing the acid pH in the endolysosomal system, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, artemisinins, two-pore channel modulators and imatinib; (2) protease inhibitors that can inhibit the proteolytic cleavage of the spike CoVs protein, which is necessary for viral entry into host cells, such as camostat mesylate, lopinavir, umifenovir and teicoplanin and (3) modulators of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, such as rapamycin, heparin, glucocorticoids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (IECAs) and cannabidiol. Thus, this review aims to highlight and discuss autophagy-related drugs for COVID-19, from in vitro to in vivo studies. We identified specific compounds that may modulate autophagy and exhibit antiviral properties. We hope that research initiatives and efforts will identify novel or "off-label" drugs that can be used to effectively treat patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, reducing the risk of mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.