ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Freedom and Animal Welfare.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Use of infrared thermography in assessing the thermal comfort of cattle-systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Pooled it
- Factors Associated with Veterinary Professionals' Intent to Intervene in Cases of Animal Maltreatment.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Occurrence and evolution of cannibal behaviour in extant snakes.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Opportunities for agency in domestic horses: Applying the behavioural domain to increase equine welfare.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Review
- Perceptions of Elephants' Labor and Autonomy in Zoos.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Animal-Visitor Interactions in Zoos and Aquariums: A Systematic Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Veterinarians' perspectives on pet abuse, legal involvement, and forensic investigation in Thailand: A cross-sectional study.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Calling a trade-off a trade-off in arguments for cat confinement.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Review
- An Ecological and Neural Argument for Developing Pursuit-Based Cognitive Enrichment for Sea Lions in Human Care.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Article
- Positive Wild Animal Welfare.Biology & philosophy · 2023Article
- Euthanasia and the rehabilitation of wildlife casualties in Finland: decision-making varies depending on the background education of the caregivers.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- The Benefits and Challenges of Conducting Primate Research in Different Settings.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- The sentience shift in animal research.The New bioethics : a multidisciplinary journal of biotechnology and the body · 2022Article
- The importance of end-of-life welfare.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2022Article
- Welfare Through Competence: A Framework for Animal-Centric Technology Design.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The keeping of captive animals in zoos and aquariums has long been controversial. Many take freedom to be a crucial part of animal welfare and, on these grounds, criticise all forms of animal captivity as harmful to animal welfare, regardless of their provisions. Here, we analyse what it might mean for freedom to matter to welfare, distinguishing between the role of freedom as an intrinsic good, valued for its own sake and an instrumental good, its value arising from the increased ability to provide other important resources. Too often, this debate is conducted through trading intuitions about what matters for animals. We argue for the need for the collection of comparative welfare data about wild and captive animals in order to settle the issue. Discovering more about the links between freedom and animal welfare will then allow for more empirically informed ethical decisions regarding captive animals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.