Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33920199›Full record

ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Important Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens and Novel Antibiotic Solutions.

Loukas Kakoullis, Eleni Papachristodoulou, Paraskevi Chra, George Panos

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
113citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

113 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Giving Antibiotics a Second Chance: Evolutionary Trade-Offs and Phage-Driven Restoration of Antibiotic Susceptibility.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Isolation and characterization of broad-rangeMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Delafloxacin: what does a new fluoroquinolone offer?Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. A One Health Perspective onMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Loukas KakoullisDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Eleni PapachristodoulouDepartment of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Paraskevi ChraDepartment of Microbiology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece.
George PanosDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
General University Hospital of Patras · GREvangelismos Hospital · GRUniversity of Patras · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant bacteria have on overwhelming impact on human health, as they cause over 670,000 infections and 33,000 deaths annually in the European Union alone. Of these, the vast majority of infections and deaths are caused by only a handful of species-multi-drug resistant

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiEnterococcus faecalisEnterococcus faeciumEscherichia coliKlebsiella pneumoniaeMRSAmulti-drug resistant infectionsPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusVRE

Identifiers

PMID33920199
PMCPMC8069106
OpenAlexW3156856774

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.