ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Factors Differentiating the Antioxidant Activity of Macular Xanthophylls in the Human Eye Retina.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of macular carotenoids and omega-3 supplementation on performance in precision sports: the sport nutrition intervention in performance exercise (SNIPE) study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Ocular Diseases: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Protective Effects of Natural Lipophilic Antioxidants on UV-Induced Lipid Oxidation in Liposomes and Their Enhancement.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Protective Antioxidant Potential of Argan Oil Versus Other Edible Oils in LPS-Challenged Mouse Heart and Kidney.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Dynamic and Energetic Aspects of Carotenoids In-and-Around Model Lipid Membranes Revealed in Molecular Modelling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- How Do Xanthophylls Protect Lipid Membranes from Oxidative Damage?The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2023Article
- An Overview of Lutein in the Lipid Membrane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Macular Pigment Carotenoids and Bisretinoid A2E.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Xanthophyll pigments dietary supplements administration and retinal health in the context of increasing life expectancy trend.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Improving Skin Carotenoid Levels in Young Students through Brief Dietary Education Using the Veggie Meter.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Natural Antioxidant Evaluation: A Review of Detection Methods.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Xanthophyll Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium,Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Light-Modulated Sunscreen Mechanism in the Retina of the Human Eye.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2021Article
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Lipid Bilayer-Similarities and Differences Revealed by Computational Studies.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macular xanthophylls, which are absorbed from the human diet, accumulate in high concentrations in the human retina, where they efficiently protect against oxidative stress that may lead to retinal damage. In addition, macular xanthophylls are uniquely spatially distributed in the retina. The zeaxanthin concentration (including the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin) is ~9-fold greater than lutein concentration in the central fovea. These numbers do not correlate at all with the dietary intake of xanthophylls, for which there is a dietary zeaxanthin-to-lutein molar ratio of 1:12 to 1:5. The unique spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls-lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin-in the retina, which developed during evolution, maximize the protection of the retina provided by these xanthophylls. We will correlate the differences in the spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls with their different antioxidant activities in the retina. Can the major protective function of macular xanthophylls in the retina, namely antioxidant actions, explain their evolutionarily determined, unique spatial distributions? In this review, we will address this question.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.