ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 Treatment by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updating the use of nano-biosensors as promising devices for the diagnosis of coronavirus family members: A systematic review.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2022Pooled it
- CLC-Pred Synergy: Web Application for Predicting Pairwise Drug Combinations with Synergistic Activity Against NCI60 Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cartilage-protective effects of lopinavir/ritonavir: in vitro and in silico exploration of the HIF-1α/SOX9/IL-1β pathway.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Harnessing network pharmacology in drug discovery: an integrated approach.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Molecular docking as a tool for the discovery of novel insight about the role of acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors in SARS- CoV-2 infectivity.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Deciphering molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and drug repurposing through GRN motifs: a comprehensive systems biology study.3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Development of the New Sensor Based on Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Promethazine Hydrochloride Determination.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Potential Complementary Role of Using Chinese Herbal Medicine with Western Medicine in Treating COVID-19 Patients: Pharmacology Network Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Network Pharmacology Study to Elucidate the Key Targets of Underlying Antihistamines against COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Drug repurposing for coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on gene co-expression network analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Anticancer Potential of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles of the Soft CoralPharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Article
- Update on Functional Inhibitors of Acid Sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious new worldwide public health crisis with significant morbidity and mortality, effective therapeutic treatments are urgently needed. Drug repurposing is an efficient and cost-effective strategy with minimum risk for identifying novel potential treatment options by repositioning therapies that were previously approved for other clinical outcomes. Here, we used an integrated network-based pharmacologic and transcriptomic approach to screen drug candidates novel for COVID-19 treatment. Network-based proximity scores were calculated to identify the drug-disease pharmacological effect between drug-target relationship modules and COVID-19 related genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was then performed to determine whether drug candidates influence the expression of COVID-19 related genes and examine the sensitivity of the repurposing drug treatment to peripheral immune cell types. Moreover, we used the complementary exposure model to recommend potential synergistic drug combinations. We identified 18 individual drug candidates including nicardipine, orantinib, tipifarnib and promethazine which have not previously been proposed as possible treatments for COVID-19. Additionally, 30 synergistic drug pairs were ultimately recommended including fostamatinib plus tretinoin and orantinib plus valproic acid. Differential expression genes of most repurposing drugs were enriched significantly in B cells. The findings may potentially accelerate the discovery and establishment of an effective therapeutic treatment plan for COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.