ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating Cigarette Butts.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of adding orange peel waste on the engineering proprieties of fired clay bricks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact of Nanoparticle Additions on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Ceramic Tiles Production.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Quality variations of leachate resulting from cigarette filter recycling as a challenge for its management.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Optimizing the thermophysical qualities of innovative clay-rGO composite bricks for sustainable applications.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Impact of Different Natural Zeolite Treatments on the Capacity of Eliminating/Reducing Odors and Toxic Compounds.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating Cigarette Butts.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most common littered waste in the world and may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the incomplete combustion of tobacco during burning. Therefore, to investigate the potential PAH residual remaining in fired clay bricks (FCBs) incorporating CBs and examine the environmental impact of utilizing toxic waste in the production of FCBs, a comprehensive PAH extraction analysis was conducted. The Soxhlet extraction method was utilized to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of sixteen toxic Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in FCB samples incorporating CBs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of the mean total (Σ)PAHs for FCBs incorporating 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by weight (wt) were found to be 0.183, 0.180, 0.242, 0.234, and 0.463 µg/mL. As expected, PAHs with higher water solubility and volatility, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and chrysene were found at higher concentrations compared to lipophilic PAHs. The ΣPAH concentrations for all five FCB-CB mixes were well below the EPA Victoria solid waste hazard categorization threshold for industrial waste. Moreover, the samples were studied for their carbon content using the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) analyzer and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results confirm an almost 100% combustion process of CBs during the firing process. A content less than 0.3% suggests that all carbon within the FCB-CB mixture relatively disappeared during the firing process up to 1050 °C. However, further research regarding the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production of FCBs incorporating CBs should be conducted.
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