ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Auranofin-Mediated NRF2 Induction Attenuates Interleukin 1 Beta Expression in Alveolar Macrophages.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Context‑dependent targeting of thioredoxin reductase 1 in cancer: a mechanistic review.Magyar onkologia · 2026Review
- Auranofin reimagined: an emerging therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases through molecular mechanistic insights.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- GASDERMIN D-mediated pyroptosis as a therapeutic target in TAU-dependent frontotemporal dementia mouse model.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- IL-1βCell death discovery · 2025Article
- Auranofin-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Neuroprotection against Aluminium-induced Alzheimer's Disease.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Article
- Auranofin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles alleviate cognitive deficit induced by streptozotocin in rats model: modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory markers, and neurotransmitters.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- The "Doorstop Pocket" In Thioredoxin Reductases─An Unexpected Druggable Regulator of the Catalytic Machinery.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Activation of Nrf2 inhibits atherosclerosis in ApoERedox biology · 2024Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species and Strategies for Antioxidant Intervention in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Neonatal Selenium Deficiency Decreases Selenoproteins in the Lung and Impairs Pulmonary Alveolar Development.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Steroid-Insensitive Asthma in Mice Preserving Histone Deacetylase 2 and NRF2 Pathways.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Comprehensive chemical proteomics analyses reveal that the new TRi-1 and TRi-2 compounds are more specific thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitors than auranofin.Redox biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are resident inflammatory cells in the lung that serve as early sentinels of infection or injury. We have identified thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibition by gold compounds increases activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent pathways to attenuate inflammatory responses. The present studies utilized murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S) to test the hypothesis that the gold compound, auranofin (AFN), decreases interleukin (IL)-1β expression through NRF2-mediated interactions with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway genes and/or increases in glutathione synthesis.
methodsMH-S cells were treated with AFN and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analyzed at 6 and 24 h. The
resultsExpression of IL-1β, p-IκBα, p-p65 NF-kB, and NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 were elevated by LPS exposure, but only IL-1β expression was suppressed by AFN treatment. Both AFN and LPS treatments increased cellular glutathione levels, but attenuation of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) did not alter expression of Il-1β. Analysis revealed direct NRF2 binding to the
conclusionsOur data demonstrate that AFN-induced NRF2 activation directly suppresses IL-1β synthesis independent of NFκB and glutathione-mediated antioxidant mechanisms. NRF2 binding to the promoter region of
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.