ArticleToxins2021
Ochratoxin A Induces Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells by Impairing the Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress in Biotoxin-Induced Liver Injury: From ROS Generation to Cell Death and Therapeutic Intervention.Toxics · 2026Review
- Novel Silver(I) and Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Induce ROS-Dependent Autophagic Cell Death in Human Hepatoma Cell Line HepG2.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigation of Ochratoxin A Levels in Commercially Available Turkish Coffee and Risk Assessment.Toxins · 2026Article
- Article
- Cuspidatyl Ferulate, a Novel Phenolic Acid fromAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Modulation of the Antioxidant System of Caco-2 Cells in the Presence of Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Ferulic Acid.Toxins · 2025Article
- Review
- Ochratoxin A Degradation and Stress Response Mechanism ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Ochratoxin A in food commodities: A review of occurrence, toxicity, and management strategies.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Article
- Aflatoxin B1 decreased flesh flavor and inhibited muscle development in grass carp (Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Article
- Ochratoxin A induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to retinal damage in mice.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- A Predictive Assessment of Ochratoxin A's Effects on Oxidative Stress Parameters and the Fermentation Ability of Yeasts Using Neural Networks.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Isolation of Fucoxanthin fromBiomedicines · 2023Article
- Multiplexed Fluorescence Plate Reader In Situ Protein Expression Assay in Apoptotic HepG2 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Ochratoxin A and Kidney Oxidative Stress: The Role of Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine-A Review.Toxins · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin frequently found in raw and processed foods. While it is considered a possible human carcinogen, the mechanism of action remains unclear. OTA has been shown to be hepatotoxic in both in vitro and in vivo models and oxidative stress may be one of the factors contributing to its toxicity. Hence, the effect of OTA on human hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 cells, was investigated on oxidative stress parameters. The cytotoxicity of OTA on HepG2 was time- and dose-dependent within a range between 0.1 and 10 µM; while 100 μM of OTA increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, the levels of glutathione (GSH) were increased by 9.7% and 11.3% at 10 and 100 nM of OTA, respectively; while OTA at 100 μM depleted GSH by 40.5% after 24 h exposure compared with the control. Finally, the mRNA level of catalase (CAT) was downregulated by 2.33-, 1.92-, and 1.82-fold after cells were treated with 1, 10, and 10 μM OTA for 24 h, respectively; which was linked to a decrease in CAT enzymatic activity. These results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in OTA-mediated toxicity in HepG2 cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.