Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33918619›Full record

ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Potential Roles for Probiotics in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients and Prevention of Complications Associated with Increased Antibiotic Use.

Ravina Kullar, Stuart Johnson, Lynne V McFarland, Ellie J C Goldstein

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Rates and Epidemiology ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Why 2 Studies That Used the Same Probiotic May Have Come Up With Different Outcomes.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ravina KullarExpert Stewardship, Inc., 320 Superior Avenue, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA.
Stuart JohnsonHines VA Hospital and Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60141, USA.
Lynne V McFarlandDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9881-3453
Ellie J C GoldsteinRM Alden Research Laboratory and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90230, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1044-6159

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical care for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is an evolving process. Most COVID-19 inpatients (58-95%) received empiric antibiotics to prevent the increased mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia and other secondary infections observed in COVID-19 patients. The expected consequences of increased antibiotic use include antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and

Indexed as

AADantibioticsantibiotic stewardshipClostridioides difficileCOVID-19probioticsSARSCoV2

Identifiers

PMID33918619
PMCPMC8070357

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.