ArticleViruses2021
The Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 Binds to β1 Integrins Expressed on the Surface of Lung Epithelial Cells.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- T1R3 Anchors ACE2 at the Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Surface to Attenuate Vascular Injury Following SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Protein Exposure In Vitro.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The macrophage entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by surface CD98/TMPRSS11E complex is associated with the cellular tropism toward proinflammatory M1 and pathogenesis.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry-associated proteins in COPD airways: an immunohistochemical study.The Journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus VW572 (not Gent/PS412 and Labadie) uses the CD81 receptor and MVB-derived exosomal pathway for efficient entry and spread in neuronal cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The integrin protein ITGβ1 effectively suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication through facilitating MDA5 oligomerization and subsequent activation of the type I interferon signaling pathway.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Novel octapeptide containing the RGD sequence as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent: design, synthesis, and theoretical studies.Amino acids · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry: implications for biomedical strategies.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Liquiritin Suppresses Intracellular and Secreted MUC5AC and MUC5B in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- How Protein Depletion Balances Thrombosis and Bleeding Risk in the Context of Platelet's Activatory and Negative Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Functions of SARS-CoV-2 Receptors in Diabetes-Related Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Integrin αProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- A comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiling data in COVID-19 patients for discovery of specific and differential blood biomarker signatures.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Viruses Binding to Host Receptors Interacts with Autophagy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein suppresses CTL-mediated killing by inhibiting immune synapse assembly.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Direct Cryo-ET observation of platelet deformation induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Cryo-electron microscopy in the fight against COVID-19-mechanism of virus entry.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection by MT1-MMP-mediated shedding of ACE2.Nature communications · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike triggers barrier dysfunction and vascular leak via integrins and TGF-β signaling.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Direct Cryo-ET observation of platelet deformation induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein attached to the envelope of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to and exploits angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry receptor to infect pulmonary epithelial cells. A subset of integrins that recognize the arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence in the cognate ligands has been predicted in silico to bind the spike glycoprotein and, thereby, to be exploited for viral infection. Here, we show experimental evidence that the β1 integrins predominantly expressed on human pulmonary epithelial cell lines and primary mouse alveolar epithelial cells bind to this spike protein. The cellular β1 integrins support adhesive interactions with the spike protein independently of ACE2, suggesting the possibility that the β1 integrins may function as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2, which could be targeted for the prevention of viral infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.