ArticleToxins2021
Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin Injections in TRAM Flap for Breast Reconstruction: Intramuscular Neural Arborization of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Report: A rare case of male breast synovial sarcoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Anatomical Guidelines and Technical Tips for Neck Aesthetics with Botulinum Toxin.Archives of plastic surgery · 2024Article
- The efficacy and safety of neubotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of forehead horizontal lines in Asians - A clinical, prospective, interventional, split-face study.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating plunged nose and post-rhinoplasty: anatomical perspectives of depressor septi nasi, nasalis, leveator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Review
- Sonoanatomy of the platysmal bands: What causes the platysmal band?Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Article
- Novel anatomical guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injection in the mentalis muscle: a review.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Review
- Intramuscular neural distribution of the teres minor muscle using Sihler's stain: application to botulinum neurotoxin injection.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Article
- Anatomical proposal of local anesthesia injection for median nerve block in treating hyperhidrosis with botulinum neurotoxin.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Article
- Guidance in botulinum neurotoxin injection for lower extremity spasticity: Sihler's staining technique.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Review
- Botulinum neurotoxin injection in the deltoid muscle: application to cosmetic shoulder contouring.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Article
- Novel anatomical proposal for botulinum neurotoxin injection targeting depressor anguli oris for treating drooping mouth corner.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Review
- Novel Anatomical Guidelines on Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Wrinkles in the Nose Region.Toxins · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is commonly performed using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. Previous studies have demonstrated that botulinum neurotoxin injections in TRAM flap surgeries lower the risk of necrosis and allow further expansion of arterial cross-sectional diameters. The study was designed to determine the ideal injection points for botulinum neurotoxin injection by exploring the arborization patterns of the intramuscular nerves of the rectus abdominis muscle. A modified Sihler's method was performed on 16 rectus abdominis muscle specimens. Arborization of the intramuscular nerves was determined based on the most prominent point of the xyphoid process to the pubic crest. All 16 rectus abdominis muscle specimens were divided into four muscle bellies by the tendinous portion. The arborized portions of the muscles were located on the 5-15%, 25-35%, 45-55%, and 70-80% sections of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th muscle bellies, respectively. The tendinous portion was located at the 15-20%, 35-40%, 55-60%, and 90-100% sections. These results suggest that botulinum neurotoxin injections into the rectus abdominis muscles should be performed in specific sections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.