ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heavy metal exposure and dental caries in children and adolescents: a NHANES-based analysis integrating machine learning approaches.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Correlation Between the Mineral Contents of Drinking Water and Dental Caries in Mangalore: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Association amongInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Oral Health Self-Management Ability and Its Influencing Factors among Adolescents with Fixed Orthodontics in China: A Mixed Methods Study.Disease markers · 2022Article
- Association between Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Measured Kidney Injury Markers and Urinary Cadmium Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The Risk Factors of Blood Cadmium Elevation in Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay.
methodsBetween August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine,
resultsThe patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27,
conclusionThis analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.
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