An Improved Boundary-Aware U-Net for Ore Image Semantic Segmentation.

Particle size is the most important index to reflect the crushing quality of ores, and the accuracy of particle size statistics directly affects the subsequent operation of mines. Accurate ore image segmentation is an important prerequisite to ensure the reliability of particle size statistics. However, given the diversity of the size and shape of ores, the influence of dust and light, the complex texture and shadows on the ore surface, and especially the adhesion between ores, it is difficult to segment ore images accurately, and under-segmentation can be a serious problem. The construction of a large, labeled dataset for complex and unclear conveyor belt ore images is also difficult. In response to these challenges, we propose a novel, multi-task learning network based on U-Net for ore image segmentation. To solve the problem of limited available training datasets and to improve the feature extraction ability of the model, an improved encoder based on Resnet18 is proposed. Different from the original U-Net, our model decoder includes a boundary subnetwork for boundary detection and a mask subnetwork for mask segmentation, and information of the two subnetworks is fused in a boundary mask fusion block (BMFB). The experimental results showed that the pixel accuracy, Intersection over Union (IOU) for the ore mask (IOU_M), IOU for the ore boundary (IOU_B), and error of the average statistical ore particle size (ASE) rate of our proposed model on the testing dataset were 92.07%, 86.95%, 52.32%, and 20.38%, respectively. Compared to the benchmark U-Net, the improvements were 0.65%, 1.01%, 5.78%, and 12.11% (down), respectively.