ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Pneumonia: From Mediators of Virulence to Innovative Vaccine Candidates.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Use of vaccines to prevent the development of bacterial resistance].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Gut Commensal Klebsiella pneumoniae Extracellular Vesicles Shape a Liver Microenvironment Conducive to Gut-Liver Bacterial Translocation and Pro-Tumorigenic Processes.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Bioengineering modification and application of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Interface: Promising Candidate Targets for Vaccine-Induced Protective and Memory Immune Responses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Advances in nanotechnology for the therapy of bacterial pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles in bacterial and fungal diseases - Pathogenesis to diagnostic biomarkers.Virulence · 2023Review
- Enterococcal Membrane Vesicles as Vaccine Candidates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Association between the Respiratory Microbiome and Plasma Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Intubated Patients.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Review
- Roles of bacterial extracellular vesicles in systemic diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Recent advances of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for therapy of bacterial infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Vaccination against Bacterial Infections: Challenges, Progress, and New Approaches with a Focus on Intracellular Bacteria.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Pneumococcal Infections: Immunomodulators to Potential Novel Vaccine Candidates.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- TheFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Probiotics, Their Extracellular Vesicles and Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Infectious Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumonia due to respiratory infection with most prominently bacteria, but also viruses, fungi, or parasites is the leading cause of death worldwide among all infectious disease in both adults and infants. The introduction of modern antibiotic treatment regimens and vaccine strategies has helped to lower the burden of bacterial pneumonia, yet due to the unavailability or refusal of vaccines and antimicrobials in parts of the global population, the rise of multidrug resistant pathogens, and high fatality rates even in patients treated with appropriate antibiotics pneumonia remains a global threat. As such, a better understanding of pathogen virulence on the one, and the development of innovative vaccine strategies on the other hand are once again in dire need in the perennial fight of men against microbes. Recent data show that the secretome of bacteria consists not only of soluble mediators of virulence but also to a significant proportion of extracellular vesicles-lipid bilayer-delimited particles that form integral mediators of intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles are released from cells of all kinds of organisms, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in which case they are commonly termed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and membrane vesicles (MVs), respectively. (O)MVs can trigger inflammatory responses to specific pathogens including
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.