ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Current Immunological and Clinical Perspective on Vaccinations in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Are They Safe after All?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19: The Course, Vaccination and Immune Response in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Under Immunocompromising Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- The impact of social and environmental factors on triggering multiple sclerosis onset, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study from Iran.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Vaccination status and self-reported side effects after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in relation to psychological and clinical variables in patients with multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Cellular and Molecular Evidence of Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.European neurology · 2023Review
- The Expanding Role of the Infectious Disease Expert in the Context of the MS Centre.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Evaluation of short-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis from Latin America.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical · 2021Article
- What the Aftermath of the Global Pandemic Will Mean for Neurologists.Neurology international · 2021Article
- Vaccine response in people with multiple sclerosis treated with fumarates.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system, and their immunogenicity is key in achieving protection against specific pathogens. Questions have been raised whether in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients they could induce disease exacerbation and whether vaccines could possibly act as a trigger in the onset of MS in susceptible populations. So far, no correlation has been found between the vaccinations against influenza, hepatitis B, tetanus, human papillomavirus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster, tuberculosis, yellow fever, or typhoid fever and the risk of MS. Further research is needed for the potential protective implications of the tetanus and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines in MS patients. Nowadays with the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and recent vaccinations approval and arrival, the risk-benefit in MS patients with regards to safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in those treated with immunosuppressive therapies is of paramount importance. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how different vaccine types could be related to the immunopathogenesis of MS and discuss the risks and benefits of different vaccinations in MS patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.