ReviewNutrients2021
Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Effects of Heat-KilledNutrients · 2026Trial
- Effects of ParaprobioticJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Trial
- Effect of Heat-TreatedNutrients · 2024Trial
- Postbiotic Metabolites: Therapeutic Potential, Industrial Applications, Market Dynamics, and Regulatory Frameworks.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Metabolic shifts driven by host-microbial interactions.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into probiotic modulation of the gut-immune axis and their role as sustainable antibiotic alternatives in poultry production: An integrative review.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Preventive effect of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FM8 in an ovalbumin-induced food allergy murine model.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Valorization of Food Industry By-Products for Sustainable Functional Food Production: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Heat-inactivated Bacillus spores attenuate poly I:C-induced lung inflammation and microbiome alterations through modulation of host immune responses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting the Gut Microbiota with Pro- and Postbiotics: Emerging Strategies against Alopecia.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Paraprobiotics in Modern Broiler Production: Stability, Safety, and Multifunctional Benefits - a Comprehensive Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- DualFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Parabiotics as Next-Generation Microbiome Therapeutics: Insights into Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii protects against Salmonella infection in mice by enhancing innate defense function.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Targeted delivery of postbiotics: oral, intradermal, and intravenous models.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- In Vitro Gastrointestinal Stability and Functional Evaluation of Yogurt Fortified With Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Genesis, Health Benefits, and Future Perspectives of Probiotics: Exploring Endogenous and Exogenous Classes, Innovations, and Research Gaps.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Benefits that Death Does Not Part: the Promise of Postbiotics for Bone Health.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Combinatorial supplementation of fish feeds enhanced growth performance and disease resilience in aquaculture.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. However, in recent years, several concerns on their use have been raised. In particular, industrial processing and storage of probiotic products are still technological challenges as these could severely impair cell viability. On the other hand, safety of live microorganisms should be taken into account, especially when administered to vulnerable people, such as the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. These drawbacks have enhanced the interest toward new products based on non-viable probiotics such as paraprobiotics and postbiotics. In particular, paraprobiotics, defined as "inactivated microbial cells (non-viable) that confer a health benefit to the consumer," hold the ability to regulate the adaptive and innate immune systems, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties and exert antagonistic effect against pathogens. Moreover, paraprobiotics can exhibit enhanced safety, assure technological and practical benefits and can also be used in products suitable for people with weak immunity and the elderly. These features offer an important opportunity to prompt the market with novel functional foods or nutraceuticals that are safer and more stable. This review provides an overview of central issues on paraprobiotics and highlights the urgent need for further studies aimed at assessing safety and efficacy of these products and their mechanisms of action in order to support decisions of regulatory authorities. Finally, a definition is proposed that unambiguously distinguishes paraprobiotics from postbiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.