ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Recombinant listeriolysin-O as a platform for next-generation vaccines: Mechanisms, immunological evidence, and translational applications in human and veterinary medicine.Open veterinary journal · 2026Review
- From empirical vaccinology to predictive systems-based vaccine design: multi-omics integration, artificial intelligence, and global equity challenges.Frontiers in systems biology · 2026Review
- Identification of potential antigenic proteins and epitopes for the development of a monkeypox virus vaccine: an in silico approach.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Crystal structure and biophysical characterisation of the enterococcal foldase PpiC, a cross-opsonic antigen against gram-positive nosocomial pathogens.The FEBS journal · 2025Article
- Possible Anti-Pain Vaccines: A Narrative Review of Emerging Strategies and Clinical Prospects.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immunization with InactivatedVaccines · 2025Article
- Advances in the Functionalization of Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Strategies and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Therapeutic targeting of TGF-β in lung cancer.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- HtpG-A Major Virulence Factor and a Promising Vaccine Antigen againstBiomolecules · 2024Review
- Review
- Saponins of Selected Triterpenoids as Potential Therapeutic Agents: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2: what if the known best is not the optimal course for the long run? Adapting to evolving targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Nipah virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis?Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Lipidation of NOD2 Agonists with Adamantane and Stearoyl Moieties Differentially Regulates Their In Vivo Adjuvant Activity.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Article
- Structure based design of effective HtpG-derived vaccine antigens againstFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 15 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.