ReviewViruses2021
Antivirals Targeting the Surface Glycoproteins of Influenza Virus: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on the incidence of influenza viruses in wastewater matrices: Implications for public health.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Strain Matching of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines and Emergence of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance in China from 2015 to 2025.Vaccines · 2026Article
- A primary oseltamivir-resistant mutation in influenza hemagglutinin and its implications for antiviral resistance surveillance.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Licoflavone B Suppresses Influenza A Virus by Targeting the Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp).Viruses · 2025Article
- Unfurling the Potential of Antiviral Agents Aimed for RNA Virus Ailment.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Influenza neuraminidase mutations and resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Review
- Drug resistance and possible therapeutic options against influenza A virus infection over past years.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Advancements in Antiviral Drug Development: Comprehensive Insights into Design Strategies and Mechanisms Targeting Key Viral Proteins.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Emergence of Eurasian Avian-Like Swine Influenza A (H1N1) virus in a child in Shandong Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Heteromultivalent Ligand Display on Reversible Self-Assembled Monolayers (rSAMs): A Fluidic Platform for Tunable Influenza Virus Recognition.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Peptides as Therapeutic Agents: Challenges and Opportunities in the Green Transition Era.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- WaterKit: Thermodynamic Profiling of Protein Hydration Sites.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2023Article
- Cap snatch prevention: a novel approach to tackle influenza viruses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Vitisin B inhibits influenza A virus replication by multi-targeting neuraminidase and virus-induced oxidative stress.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
- Membrane attachment and fusion of HIV-1, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2: resolving the mechanisms with biophysical methods.Biophysical reviews · 2022Review
- Inhibition of H1 and H5 Influenza A Virus Entry by Diverse Macrocyclic Peptides Targeting the Hemagglutinin Stem Region.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Review
- The Efficacy of Aprotinin Combinations with Selected Antiviral Drugs in Mouse Models of Influenza Pneumonia and Coronavirus Infection Caused by SARS-CoV-2.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which constitute the glycoprotein spikes expressed on the surface of influenza A and B viruses, are the most exposed parts of the virus and play critical roles in the viral lifecycle. As such, they make prominent targets for the immune response and antiviral drugs. Neuraminidase inhibitors, particularly oseltamivir, constitute the most commonly used antivirals against influenza viruses, and they have proved their clinical utility against seasonal and emerging influenza viruses. However, the emergence of resistant strains remains a constant threat and consideration. Antivirals targeting the hemagglutinin protein are relatively new and have yet to gain global use but are proving to be effective additions to the antiviral repertoire, with a relatively high threshold for the emergence of resistance. Here we review antiviral drugs, both approved for clinical use and under investigation, that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins, focusing on their mechanisms of action and the emergence of resistance to them.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.