Observational studyNutrients2021
Fat and Carbohydrate Interact to Potentiate Food Reward in Healthy Weight but Not in Overweight or Obesity.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Consuming an unprocessed diet reduces energy intake: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial reveals a role for human nutritional intelligence.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Dietary fat restriction affects brain reward regions in a randomized crossover trial.JCI insight · 2023Trial
- Metabolic and neural responses to ultraprocessed foods: a randomized, controlled, crossover study.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Metrics of glycemic control but not body weight influence flavor nutrient conditioning in humans.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Strategic menu optimization could reduce carbon emissions and saturated fat consumption: a simulation modelling study of UK hospital inpatient meals.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- The interoceptive origin of reinforcement learning.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2025Review
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Culinary Medicine Intervention in a Virtual Teaching Kitchen for Primary Care Residents.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond Conventional: Italian Consumer Perceptions, Purchasing Habits, and Willingness to Pay for Ancient Grain Pasta.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Portion Estimation, Satiety Perception and Energy Intake Following Different Breakfast Portion Sizes in Healthy Adults.Nutrition bulletin · 2025Article
- The role of hyper-palatable foods in energy intake measured using mobile food photography methodology.Eating behaviors · 2025Article
- Creation and validation of a NOVA scored picture set to evaluate ultra-processed foods.Appetite · 2024Article
- Dietary intake in children and adolescents with food addiction: A systematic review.Addictive behaviors reports · 2024Review
- Breaking down silos: the multifaceted nature of obesity and the future of weight management.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Obesity impairs brain responses to nutrients.Nature metabolism · 2023Article
- Eating habits and lifestyle behaviors during COVID-19 lockdown: The Lebanese experience.PloS one · 2023Article
- Free-choice high-fat diet consumption reduces lateral hypothalamic GABAergic activity, without disturbing neural response to sucrose drinking in mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- The impact of caloric availability on eating behavior and ultra-processed food reward.Appetite · 2022Article
- Review
- Dietary adaptation for weight loss maintenance at Yale (DAWLY): Protocol and predictions for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prior work suggests that actual, but not estimated, energy density drives the reinforcing value of food and that energy from fat and carbohydrate can interact to potentiate reward. Here we sought to replicate these findings in an American sample and to determine if the effects are influenced by body mass index (BMI). Thirty participants with healthy weight (HW; BMI 21.92 ± 1.77;
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.