Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33917167›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2021

Compact Elliptical UWB Antenna for Underwater Wireless Communications.

Adam R H Alhawari, Sama F Majeed, Tale Saeidi, Sajid Mumtaz, Hisham Alghamdi, Ayman Taher Hindi, Abdulkarem H M Almawgani, Muhammad Ali Imran, Qammer H Abbasi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Adam R H AlhawariElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4740-0872
Sama F MajeedDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-0067-5799
Tale SaeidiElectrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-0995-3364
Sajid MumtazElectrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia.
Hisham AlghamdiElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9129-0327
Ayman Taher HindiElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulkarem H M AlmawganiElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad Ali ImranJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4743-9136
Qammer H AbbasiJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7097-9969

Funding

Najran University NU/ESCI/17/033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing needs of free licensed frequency bands like Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and 5G for underwater communications required more bandwidth (BW) with higher data transferring rate. Microwaves produce a higher transferring rate of data, and their associated devices are smaller in comparison with sonar and ultrasonic. Thus, transceivers should have broad BW to cover more of a frequency band, especially from ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, which show potential outcomes. However, previous designs of similar work for underwater communications were very complicated, uneasy to fabricate, and large. Therefore, to overcome these shortcomings, a novel compact elliptical UWB antenna is designed to resonate from 1.3 to 7.2 GHz. It is invented from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer with a dielectric constant of 2.55 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The proposed antenna shows higher gain and radiation efficiency and stability throughout the working band when compared to recent similarly reported designs, even at a smaller size. The characteristics of the functioning antenna are investigated through fluid mediums of fresh-water, seawater, distilled water, and Debye model water. Later, its channel capacity, bit rate error, and data rate are evaluated. The results demonstrated that the antenna offers compact, easier fabrication with better UWB characteristics for underwater 5G communications.

Indexed as

5G bandbit rate errorchannel capacityunderwater communicationsUWB antennas

Identifiers

PMID33917167
PMCPMC8067856

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.