Observational studyInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Are Rurality, Area Deprivation, Access to Outside Space, and Green Space Associated with Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross Sectional Study (CHARIS-E).
Observational study in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Housing environment and mental health of Europeans during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-country comparison.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of role, area deprivation index, and race with health behaviors and body mass index among localized prostate cancer patients and their partners.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Diverse Health-related Outcomes among American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The Value and Access of Urban Greenspace: A Comparison Study of User Perceptions of the Naval Cemetery Landscape, New York.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Pilot Testing an Ecotherapy Program for Adolescence: Initial Findings and Methodological Reflections.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Relationship between Environmental Conditions and Utilisation of Community-Based Mental Health Care: A Comparative Study before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Estimation of mediators in the associations between campus green spaces and students' anxiety: a case study in Nanjing.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Current methodologies of greenspace exposure and mental health research-a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- How Much Did Urban Park Use Change under the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Comparative Study of Summertime Park Use in 2019 and 2020 in Edinburgh, Scotland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Is fear of COVID-19 higher in individuals residing in more deprived areas? A nationwide study.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Natural environments, psychosocial health, and health behaviors in a crisis - A scoping review of the literature in the COVID-19 context.Journal of environmental psychology · 2023Article
- The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Contribution of Local Green Space and Nature Connection to Mental Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Digital Practices by Citizens During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From an International Multisite Study.JMIR mental health · 2023Article
- Covid-19 and outdoor recreation - Lessons learned? Introduction to the special issue on "Outdoor recreation and Covid-19: Its effects on people, parks and landscapes".Journal of outdoor recreation and tourism · 2023Article
- Towards building resilient cities to pandemics: A review of COVID-19 literature.Sustainable cities and society · 2023Review
- Green space and the health of the older adult during pandemics: a narrative review on the experience of COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Article
- Unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: Role of the neighborhood environment.Sustainable cities and society · 2022Article
- The trajectory of mental health problems for UK emerging adults during COVID-19.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Article
- The Feasibility and Impact of Practising Online Forest Bathing to Improve Anxiety, Rumination, Social Connection and Long-COVID Symptoms: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The study investigated if rurality, area deprivation, access to outside space (Study 1), and frequency of visiting and duration in green space (Study 2) are associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined if individual demographics (age, gender, COVID-19 shielding status) and illness beliefs have a direct association with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A serial, weekly, nationally representative, cross-sectional, observational study of randomly selected adults was conducted in Scotland during June and July 2020. If available, validated instruments were used to measure psychological distress, individual demographics, illness beliefs, and the following characteristics: Rurality, area deprivation, access to residential outside space, frequency of visiting, and duration in green space. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect were conducted. There were 2969 participants in Study 1, of which 1765 (59.6%) were female, 349 (11.9%) were in the shielding category, and the median age was 54 years. There were 502 participants in Study 2, of which 295 (58.60%) were female, 58 (11.6%) were in shielding category, and the median age was 53 years. Direct effects showed that psychological distress was worse if participants reported the following: Urban, in a deprived area, no access to or sharing residential outside space, fewer visits to green space (environment), younger, female, in the shielding category (demographics), worse illness (COVID-19) representations, and greater threat perception (illness beliefs). Moderation analyses showed that environmental factors amplified the direct effects of the individual factors on psychological distress. This study offers pointers for public health and for environmental planning, design, and management, including housing design and public open space provision and regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.