ReviewCells2021
Tissues and Tumor Microenvironment (TME) in 3D: Models to Shed Light on Immunosuppression in Cancer.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Viral transformation of stem cells into cancer stem cells and tumor enhancement by immunoexcito-oncomodulation: Accumulating evidence that most cancers are virally induced and further altered to increase their aggressiveness.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Targeting the remodeled peritoneal ecosystem: a paradigm shift from tumor cells to the microenvironment in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems for precision oncology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The multidimensional regulatory network of the PD‑1/PD‑L1 axis in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: Implications for novel combination therapies and precision immunotherapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- The role of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily in cancer: insights into oncogenesis, progression, and therapeutic strategies.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Multi-scale computational modeling towards efficacy in radiopharmaceutical therapies while minimizing side effects: Modeling of amino acid infusion.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Phospholipid-Rich DC-Vesicles with Preserved Immune Fingerprints: A Stable and Scalable Platform for Precision Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Facilitation of Tumor Stroma-Targeted Therapy: Model Difficulty and Co-Culture Organoid Method.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Application and challenges of tumor organoid technology in precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics combined with whole-exome sequencing reveal key hub genes and epithelial heterogeneity in bladder cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Lack of SMARCB1 expression characterizes a subset of human and murine peripheral T-cell lymphomas.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Unveiling the functional roles of patient-derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Engineered Tumor-Immune Microenvironment On A Chip to Study T Cell-Macrophage Interaction in Breast Cancer Progression.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Organoids: new frontiers in tumor immune microenvironment research.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Infantile hemangioma models: is the needle in a haystack?Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Construction of immune cell infiltration score model to assess prognostic ability of tumor immune environment in lung adenocarcinoma.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Microphysiological systems for solid tumor immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunosuppression in cancer has emerged as a major hurdle to immunotherapy efforts. Immunosuppression can arise from oncogene-induced signaling within the tumor as well as from tumor-associated immune cells. Understanding various mechanisms by which the tumor can undermine and evade therapy is critical in improving current cancer immunotherapies. While mouse models have allowed for the characterization of key immune cell types and their role in tumor development, extrapolating these mechanisms to patients has been challenging. There is need for better models to unravel the effects of genetic alterations inherent in tumor cells and immune cells isolated from tumors on tumor growth and to investigate the feasibility of immunotherapy. Three-dimensional (3D) organoid model systems have developed rapidly over the past few years and allow for incorporation of components of the tumor microenvironment such as immune cells and the stroma. This bears great promise for derivation of patient-specific models in a dish for understanding and determining the impact on personalized immunotherapy. In this review, we will highlight the significance of current experimental models employed in the study of tumor immunosuppression and evaluate current tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems and their potential impact in shedding light on cancer immunosuppression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.