ReviewBrain sciences2021
Immunomodulatory Effect of Microglia-Released Cytokines in Gliomas.
Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Understanding the Molecular Basis of Pathological Retinal Angiogenesis: Roles of Lipids, Non-Coding RNAs, and Cellular Crosstalk.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- A Xeno-Free Protocol for Rapid Differentiation of Human iPSC-Derived Microglia from the KOLF2.1J Reference Line.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and Neurodegeneration: Exploring its Role in Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Cell Survival Pathways.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Thermo-Magnetic Induction of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia: A Lipid-Based Nanovector Strategy for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Microcargos with Megaeffects: A Literature Review of Immunomodulatory, Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Dimensions of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Intra-nasal Delivery of Quercetin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: Formulation, In Vitro and In Vivo assessment.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Development of a Hydrogel Platform with GBM and Microglia: A Potential Glioblastoma Tumor Model.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme with an emphasis on immunotherapy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Biomarkers of immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology practice · 2024Review
- Role of Natural Compounds Modulating Heme Catabolic Pathway in Gut, Liver, Cardiovascular, and Brain Diseases.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The ins and outs of microglial cells in brain health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Assessment of corticospinal tract damage and cytokines response in early and late stages of acute unilateral brainstem infarction patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Microglia Polarization and Antiglioma Effects Fostered by Dual Cell Membrane-Coated Doxorubicin-Loaded Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoflakes.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023Article
- Ameliorative and Neuroprotective Effect of Core-Shell Type Se@Au Conjugated Hesperidin Nanoparticles in Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Article
- CXCR2-Blocking Has Context-Sensitive Effects on Rat Glioblastoma Cell Line Outgrowth (S635) in an Organotypic Rat Brain Slice Culture Depending on Microglia-Depletion (PLX5622) and Dexamethasone Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Microglia in pediatric brain tumors: The missing link to successful immunotherapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Review
- ARPC5 acts as a potential prognostic biomarker that is associated with cell proliferation, migration and immune infiltrate in gliomas.BMC cancer · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microglia, a type of differentiated tissue macrophage, are considered to be the most plastic cell population of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia substantially contribute to the growth and invasion of tumor mass in brain tumors including glioblastoma (GB). In response to pathological conditions, resting microglia undergo a stereotypic activation process and become capable of phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation. Considering their immune effector function, it is not surprising to see microglia accumulation in almost every CNS disease process, including malignant brain tumors. Large numbers of glioma associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs) can accumulate within the tumor where they appear to have an important role in prognosis. GAMs constitute the largest portion of tumor infiltrating cells, contributing up to 30% of the entire glioma mass and upon interaction with neoplastic cells. GAMs acquire a unique phenotype of activation, including both M1 and M2 specific markers. It has been demonstrated that microglia possess a dual role: on one hand, microglia may represent a CNS anti-tumor response, which is inactivated by local secretion of immunosuppressive factors by glioma cells. On the other hand, taking into account that microglia are capable of secreting a variety of immunomodulatory cytokines, it is possible that they are attracted by gliomas to promote tumor growth. A better understanding of microglia-glioma interaction will be helpful in designing novel immune-based therapies against these fatal tumors. Concluding, as microglia significantly may contribute to glioma biology, favoring tumor growth and invasiveness, these cells represent a valuable alternative/additional target for the development of more effective treatments for gliomas.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.