ReviewCancers2021
Systematic Review of Recurrent Osteosarcoma Systemic Therapy.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nivolumab and sunitinib in patients with advanced bone sarcomas: A multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial.Cancer · 2025Trial
- Minimal residual disease and relapse surveillance in osteosarcoma: an action-linked framework integrating liquid biopsy and imaging biomarkers.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics-Guided Discovery ofMarine drugs · 2026Article
- Durable disease control following treatment with ALMB-0168, a novel Cx43 hemichannel agonist monoclonal antibody, in femoral osteosarcoma with lung metastases after chemotherapy failure: a case report.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Article
- From Bench to Bedside: Advancements in Precision Oncology and Drug Discovery for Osteosarcoma.Cancers · 2026Review
- NRF1 Transcriptionally Regulates USP1-Mediated Deubiquitination of AURKA to Facilitate Osteosarcoma Progression.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in biomaterials for osteosarcoma treatment.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Immune exclusion as a recurrent immune-escape state driving treatment resistance in osteosarcoma: insights from single-cell, spatial, and multi-omics studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Establishment and Characterization of OS-MET-R-092: A Novel Patient-Derived Cell Culture from an Osteosarcoma Bone Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Advancements in Osteosarcoma Therapy: Overcoming Chemotherapy Resistance and Exploring Novel Pharmacological Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Epigenetics: Mechanisms, potential roles, and therapeutic strategies in cancer progression.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Targeting the mitochondrial protein YME1L to inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Article
- MicroRNA-605-3p Inhibited the Growth and Chemoresistance of Osteosarcoma Cells via Negatively Modulating RAF1.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Article
- Postoperative infection and bone sarcoma survival: systematic review of the role of infection in bone sarcoma prognosis.Annals of joint · 2023Review
- PROSER2 is a poor prognostic biomarker for patients with osteosarcoma and promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- TIPE1 inhibits osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and progression by regulating PRMT1 mediated STAT3 arginine methylation.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- The anti-osteosarcoma cell activity by the sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor SKI-V.Cell death discovery · 2022Article
- Metastatic Progression of Osteosarcomas: A Review of Current Knowledge of Environmental versus Oncogenic Drivers.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone cancer, mainly affecting those of young ages. Although surgery combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy has significantly increased the chances of cure, recurrent and refractory disease still impose a tough therapeutic challenge. We performed a systematic literature review of the available clinical evidence, regarding treatment of recurrent and/or refractory osteosarcoma over the last two decades. Among the 72 eligible studies, there were 56 prospective clinical trials, primarily multicentric, single arm, phase I or II and non-randomized. Evaluated treatment strategies included cytotoxic chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase and mTOR inhibitors and other targeted agents, as well as immunotherapy and combinatorial approaches. Unfortunately, most treatments have failed to induce objective responses, albeit some of them may sustain disease control. No driver mutations have been recognized, to serve as effective treatment targets, and predictive biomarkers of potential treatment effectiveness are lacking. Hopefully, ongoing and future clinical and preclinical research will unlock the underlying biologic mechanisms of recurrent and refractory osteosarcoma, expanding the therapeutic choices available to pre-treated osteosarcoma patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.