ArticleToxins2021
Pharmaceutical Assessment Suggests Locomotion Hyperactivity in Zebrafish Triggered by Arecoline Might Be Associated with Multiple Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Activation.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding betel nut addiction: a review of harmful consequences, underlying neurobiology, and emerging intervention strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Insecticidal potential of Areca catechu nut extract against multiple life stages of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.PloS one · 2026Article
- Critical insights into the potential risks of antipsychotic drugs to fish, including through effects on behaviour.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Recent Advance on Biological Activity and Toxicity of Arecoline in Edible Areca (Betel) Nut: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel arecoline-linked amino acid derivatives for insecticidal and antifungal activities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Mechanistic Study of the Osteogenic Effect of Arecoline in an Osteoporosis Model: Inhibition of Iron Overload-Induced Osteogenesis by Promoting Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bioactive Components of Areca Nut: An Overview of Their Positive Impacts Targeting Different Organs.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Article
- A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Role of Arecoline in Oral Carcinogenesis: Is the Local Cholinergic Axis a Missing Link in Disease Pathophysiology?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- In Vitro Characterization of Inhibitors for Lung A549 and Leukemia K562 Cell Lines from Fungal Transformation of Arecoline Supported by In Silico Docking to M3-mAChR and ADME Prediction.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Toxicity Assessment of an Anti-Cancer Drug of p-Toluene Sulfonamide in Zebrafish Larvae Based on Cardiovascular and Locomotion Activities.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Cytotoxic activity ofJournal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Arecoline is one of the nicotinic acid-based alkaloids, which is found in the betel nut. In addition to its function as a muscarinic agonist, arecoline exhibits several adverse effects, such as inducing growth retardation and causing developmental defects in animal embryos, including zebrafish, chicken, and mice. In this study, we aimed to study the potential adverse effects of waterborne arecoline exposure on zebrafish larvae locomotor activity and investigate the possible mechanism of the arecoline effects in zebrafish behavior. The zebrafish behavior analysis, together with molecular docking and the antagonist co-exposure experiment using muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists were conducted. Zebrafish larvae aged 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) of arecoline for 30 min and 24 h, respectively, to find out the effect of arecoline in different time exposures. Locomotor activities were measured and quantified at 120 hpf. The results showed that arecoline caused zebrafish larvae locomotor hyperactivities, even at a very low concentration. For the mechanistic study, we conducted a structure-based molecular docking simulation and antagonist co-exposure experiment to explore the potential interactions between arecoline and eight subtypes, namely, M1a, M2a, M2b, M3a, M3b, M4a, M5a, and M5b, of zebrafish endogenous muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Arecoline was predicted to show a strong binding affinity to most of the subtypes. We also discovered that the locomotion hyperactivity phenotypes triggered by arecoline could be rescued by co-incubating it with M1 to M4 mAChR antagonists. Taken together, by a pharmacological approach, we demonstrated that arecoline functions as a highly potent hyperactivity-stimulating compound in zebrafish that is mediated by multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.