ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S: The Bad and the Ugly. Where Is the Good?
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental exposure to selected non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2025Pooled it
- Individual and Combined Effects of Legacy and Emerging Contaminants on the Blue CrabJournal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Bisphenol Z at environmentally relevant dose dysregulates mitochondrial metabolism and proliferative capacity in human ovarian granulosa cells by inducing changes in metabolic substrate utilization.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- BPS and BPF linked to metabolic alterations independent of adiposity in Thai children and adolescents.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Bisphenol F and Steatotic Liver Disease: Resolving the PXR Paradox Through Stress Pathway Mechanisms.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Chemical Recycling of Bio-Based Epoxy Matrices Based on Precursors Derived from Waste Flour: Recycled Polymers Characterization.Polymers · 2025Article
- Comparison of the Influence of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S on the Enteric Nervous System of the Mouse Jejunum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Liver of Long Evans Lactating Rats and Its Perinatal Effects in the Offspring after Bisphenol F Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Modernizing persistence-bioaccumulation-toxicity (PBT) assessment with high throughput animal-free methods.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- Changes Caused by Bisphenols in the Chemical Coding of Neurons of the Enteric Nervous System of Mouse Stomach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Low Dose of BPA Induces Liver Injury through Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Long-Evans Lactating Rats and Its Perinatal Effect on Female PND6 Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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- Cocktail Effect of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Application to Chlorpyrifos in Lavender Essential Oils.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Hair Sample Analysis of Residents from Olsztyn, Northeastern Poland, to Evaluate Levels of Bisphenol S and Bisphenol A: A Pilot Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Article
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- Evaluation of Placental Toxicity of Five Essential Oils and Their Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Effects.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
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- Bisphenols A and F, but not S, induce apoptosis in bovine granulosa cellsFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBisphenol A (BPA), a reprotoxic and endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been substituted by alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) in the plastic industry. Despite their detection in placenta and amniotic fluids, the effects of bisphenols on human placental cells have not been characterized. Our objective was to explore in vitro and to compare the toxicity of BPA to its substitutes BPF and BPS to highlight their potential risks for placenta and then pregnancy.
methodsHuman placenta cells (JEG-Tox cells) were incubated with BPA, BPF, and BPS for 72 h. Cell viability, cell death, and degenerative P2X7 receptor and caspases activation, and chromatin condensation were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
resultsIncubation with BPA, BPF, or BPS was associated with P2X7 receptor activation and chromatin condensation. BPA and BPF induced more caspase-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation than BPS. Only BPF enhanced caspase-8 activity.
conclusionsBPA, BPF, and BPS are all toxic to human placental cells, with the P2X7 receptor being a common key element. BPA substitution by BPF and BPS does not appear to be a safe alternative for human health, particularly for pregnant women and their fetuses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.