ArticleCancers2021
Immune Milieu Established by Postpartum Liver Involution Promotes Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis: Primary tumor predictors and histopathologic characteristics of metastatic lesions.Research square · 2026Article
- Reproductive state controls transcription in the murine liver, with implications for breast cancer liver metastasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Immune dynamics shaping pre-metastatic and metastatic niches in liver metastases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Altered liver metabolism post-wean abolishes efficacy of vitamin D for breast cancer prevention in a mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Organ-Specific Metastasis of Breast Cancer.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Review
- Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection in Breast Milk.Cancer discovery · 2023Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identify a macrophage population associated with skeletal muscle fibrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The Hepatic Pre-Metastatic Niche.Cancers · 2022Review
- Pregnancy and weaning regulate human maternal liver size and function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In rodents, we identified a physiologic process within the normal liver that creates a pre-metastatic niche. This physiology is weaning-induced liver involution, characterized by hepatocyte cell death, immune influx, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Here, using weaning-induced liver involution as a model of a physiologically regulated pro-metastatic niche, we investigate how liver involution supports breast cancer metastasis. Liver metastases were induced in BALB/c immune competent hosts by portal vein injection of D2OR (low metastatic) or D2A1 (high metastatic) mouse mammary tumor cells. Tumor incidence and multiplicity increased in involution hosts with no evidence of a proliferation advantage. D2OR tumor cell extravasation, seeding, and early survival were not enhanced in the involuting group compared to the nulliparous group. Rather, the involution metastatic advantage was observed at 14 days post tumor cell injection. This metastatic advantage associated with induction of immune tolerance in the involution host liver, reproductive state dependent intra-tumoral immune composition, and CD8-dependent suppression of metastases in nulliparous hosts. Our findings suggest that the normal postpartum liver is in an immune suppressed state, which can provide a pro-metastatic advantage to circulating breast cancer cells. Potential relevance to women is suggested as a postpartum diagnosis of breast cancer is an independent predictor of liver metastasis.
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