ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Risk of Osteoporosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Unraveling the mechanisms of nicotine-induced osteoporosis via network toxicology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Development and psychometric evaluation of the Osteoporosis Preventing Behaviors Questionnaire (OPBQ) based on pender's health promotion model.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Determinants of bone mineral density in various regions of the skeleton among smokers and non-smokers: the role of physical activity.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- The association of smoking on the increased risk of osteoporotic fracture: Results from a cross-sectional study and two-sample Mendelian randomization.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Nutraceuticals in osteoporosis prevention.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Metabolic diseases and healthy aging: identifying environmental and behavioral risk factors and promoting public health.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Bone Fragility in Gastrointestinal Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Evaluation of an Ionic Calcium Fiber Supplement and Its Impact on Bone Health Preservation in a Dietary Calcium Deficiency Mice Model.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Impact of the host response and osteoblast lineage cells on periodontal disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoking constitutes one of the most important modifiable factors of osteoporosis, as well as contributes to an early death, tumors, and numerous chronic diseases. The group with an increased risk of a lower bone mineral density are patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. In fact, tobacco smoke, which contains more than 7000 chemical compounds, affects bone mineral density (BMD) both directly and indirectly, as it has an impact on the RANK-RANKL-OPG pathway, intestinal microbiota composition, and calcium-phosphate balance. Constant cigarette use interferes with the production of protective mucus and inhibits the repair processes in the intestinal mucus. Nicotine as well as the other compounds of the cigarette smoke are important risk factors of the inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis. Additionally, cigarette smoking may decrease BMD in the IBD patients. Interestingly, it affects patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in different ways-on the one hand it protects against ulcerative colitis, whereas on the other it increases the risk of Crohn's disease development. Nevertheless, all patients should be encouraged to cease smoking in order to decrease the risk of developing other disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.