Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33916419›Full record

Observational studyNutrients2021

Complementary Feeding and Overweight in European Preschoolers: The ToyBox-Study.

Natalya Usheva, Sonya Galcheva, Greet Cardon, Marieke De Craemer, Odysseas Androutsos, Aneta Kotowska, Piotr Socha, Berthold V Koletzko, Luis A Moreno, Violeta Iotova and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.

Natalya UshevaDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria.
Sonya GalchevaDepartment of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria.
Greet CardonDepartment of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-4983-6557
Marieke De CraemerDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-5220-7850
Odysseas AndroutsosDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 382 21 Volos, Greece.
Aneta KotowskaPublic Health Department, Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland.
Piotr SochaPublic Health Department, Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland.
Berthold V KoletzkoDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5345-7165
Luis A MorenoGENUD (Growth, Exercise, Drinking Behaviour and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0454-653X
Violeta IotovaDepartment of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0003-4160-1200
Yannis ManiosDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6486-114X
On Behalf Of The ToyBox-Study Group
Medical University of Varna · BGChildren's Memorial Health Institute · PLGhent University · BEHarokopio University of Athens · GRLMU Klinikum · DEResearch Foundation - Flanders · BEUniversidad de Zaragoza · ESUniversity of Thessaly · GR

Funding

Seventh Framework Programme 245200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Complementary feeding (CF) should start between 4-6 months of age to ensure infants' growth but is also linked to childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association of the timing of CF, breastfeeding and overweight in preschool children. Infant-feeding practices were self-reported in 2012 via a validated questionnaire by >7500 parents from six European countries participating in the ToyBox-study. The proportion of children who received breast milk and CF at 4-6 months was 51.2%. There was a positive association between timing of solid food (SF) introduction and duration of breastfeeding, as well as socioeconomic status and a negative association with smoking throughout pregnancy (

Indexed as

Birth WeightBottle FeedingBreast FeedingChild, PreschoolEuropeFemaleHumansMaleMaternal ExposureOverweightPediatric ObesityRisk FactorsSelf ReportSmokingSocial ClassTime Factorsbreastfeedingcomplementary feedingobesityoverweightsolid food

Identifiers

PMID33916419
PMCPMC8066073
OpenAlexW3147091288

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.