ReviewVaccines2021
The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and preliminary evaluation of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of bacterial respiratory pathogens in bovine and ovine.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Isolation and Genomic Characteristics of the First Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subgenotype 2b Isolate from Buffalo in Guangxi Province, China.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 from a bovine respiratory disease complex case.BMC genomic data · 2026Article
- Evidence of respiratory infection by bovine coronavirus in a neonatal calf.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Molecular investigation and viral load analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex in Inner Mongolia, China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines for antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in bovine respiratory disease.Open research Europe · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Insights Into BVDV and IBRV in Feeder Cattle After Cross-Regional Transport in China 2022-2024: Coinfection Dynamics and Implications for BRDC Control.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the nucleocapsid protein of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- A novel attenuated and markerVirulence · 2025Article
- Multi-Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Against Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3: Design and Immunoinformatics Approach.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Northern China.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Application of Bovine Nasal Epithelial Cells as an In Vitro Model for Studying Viral Infection in the Upper Respiratory Tract.Viruses · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review: Bovine Respiratory Disease, Current Insights into Epidemiology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Vaccination.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Histopathology of nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils in Japanese black calves naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Deletion viral genome diversity among bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1a and 1b strains.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Eight Pathogens Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex from Clinical Samples.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Development of a Novel, Non-Invasive Saliva Sampling Method for the Detection of Bovine Respiratory Viruses.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Detection of bovine respiratory disease complex-related pathogens in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2025Article
- MHC-I pathway disruption by viruses: insights into immune evasion and vaccine design for animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 strains generate deletion viral genomes primarily in the NS2 region of the viral genome.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease of cattle which presents as bacterial and viral pneumonia. The causative agents of BRDC work in synergy to suppress the host immune response and increase the colonisation of the lower respiratory tracts by pathogenic bacteria. Environmental stress and/or viral infection predispose cattle to secondary bacterial infections via suppression of key innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. This allows bacteria to descend the respiratory tract unchallenged. BRDC is the costliest disease among feedlot cattle, and whilst vaccines exist for individual pathogens, there is still a lack of evidence for the efficacy of these vaccines and uncertainty surrounding the optimum timing of delivery. This review outlines the immunosuppressive actions of the individual pathogens involved in BRDC and highlights the key issues in the development of vaccinations against them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.