ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Immune Responses after Heavy Alcohol Consumption: Cytokine Concentrations in Hangover-Sensitive and Hangover-Resistant Drinkers.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune fitness and biomarkers of immune function: Relationships with the oral and gut microbiome composition.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The relationship between self-reported immune fitness and salivary immune biomarker concentrations.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Utilizing blood inflammatory markers in alcohol studies: Considerations and recommendations for study design, sample collection, and data analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- A Compound Containing Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Relieves the Effects of Alcohol Consumption and Hangover Symptoms in Healthy Men: An Open-Labeled Comparative Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Immune biomarkers in non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers who used a probiotic supplement for 30 days: An open-label pilot study.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- The relationship between immune fitness and saliva biomarkers of systemic inflammation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Predictors of Hangover Frequency and Severity: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption, Mental Resilience, Personality, Lifestyle, Coping and Mood.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Hangover-Sensitive and Hangover-Resistant Drinkers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Differences in Next-Day Adverse Effects and Impact on Mood of an Evening of Heavy Alcohol Consumption between Hangover-Sensitive Drinkers and Hangover-Resistant Drinkers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Alcohol Consumption: Justification of Risks.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated immunological changes during an alcohol hangover, and the possible difference between hangover-resistant and hangover-sensitive drinkers in terms of immune reactivity. Using a semi-naturalistic design, N = 36 healthy social drinkers (18 to 30 years old) provided saliva samples on a control day (after drinking no alcohol) and on a post-alcohol day. Hangover severity was rated directly after saliva collection. Cytokine concentrations, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and hangover severity were compared between both test days and between hangover-sensitive and -resistant drinkers. Data from N = 35 drinkers (17 hangover-sensitive and 18 hangover-resistant) were included in the statistical analyses. Relative to the control day, there were significant increases in saliva IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations on the post-alcohol day. No significant differences in cytokine concentrations were found between hangover-sensitive and hangover-resistant drinkers, nor did any change in cytokine concentration correlate significantly with hangover severity. In line with previous controlled studies assessing cytokines in blood, the current naturalistic study using saliva samples also demonstrated that the immune system responds to high-level alcohol intake. However, further research is warranted, as, in contrast to previous findings in blood samples, changes in saliva cytokine concentrations did not differ significantly between hangover-sensitive and hangover-resistant drinkers, nor did they correlate significantly with hangover severity.
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