Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33915875›Full record

ArticleViruses2021

Updated and Validated Pan-Coronavirus PCR Assay to Detect All Coronavirus Genera.

Myndi G Holbrook, Simon J Anthony, Isamara Navarrete-Macias, Theo Bestebroer, Vincent J Munster, Neeltje van Doremalen

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. DivergentViruses · 2026
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  7. Article
  8. Novel paramyxovirus in wild pinnipeds, Brazil.Veterinary research communications · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Virus evolution · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. First Detection of Gammacoronavirus in a Striped Dolphin (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Myndi G HolbrookLaboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Simon J AnthonyDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Isamara Navarrete-MaciasDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Theo BestebroerDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Vincent J MunsterLaboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2288-3196
Neeltje van DoremalenLaboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4368-6359
National Institutes of Health · USUniversity of California, Davis · USErasmus MC · NL

Funding

Virus Ecology UnitZIAAI001179 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MUNSTER, VINCENT · 2013 to 2025
$24.3M
International Research in CongoZIAAI001190 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MUNSTER, VINCENT · 2014 to 2025
$3.4M
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 1ZIAAI001179-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronavirus (CoV) spillover events from wildlife reservoirs can result in mild to severe human respiratory illness. These spillover events underlie the importance of detecting known and novel CoVs circulating in reservoir host species and determining CoV prevalence and distribution, allowing improved prediction of spillover events or where a human-reservoir interface should be closely monitored. To increase the likelihood of detecting all circulating genera and strains, we have modified primers published by Watanabe et al. in 2010 to generate a semi-nested pan-CoV PCR assay. Representatives from the four coronavirus genera (α-CoVs, β-CoVs, γ-CoVs and δ-CoVs) were tested and all of the in-house CoVs were detected using this assay. After comparing both assays, we found that the updated assay reliably detected viruses in all genera of CoVs with high sensitivity, whereas the sensitivity of the original assay was lower. Our updated PCR assay is an important tool to detect, monitor and track CoVs to enhance viral surveillance in reservoir hosts.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnimals, WildClinical Laboratory TechniquesCoronavirusCoronavirus InfectionsDisease ReservoirsGenome, ViralHost SpecificityHumansLimit of DetectionPandemicsPhylogenyPolymerase Chain ReactionRNA, ViralRNA, Viralcoronavirusdetectionpan-CoV PCRpandemicPCRreservoir host

Identifiers

PMID33915875
PMCPMC8067199
OpenAlexW3150774169

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.