ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Polymorphic Characterization, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ginsenoside Compound K Polymorphs.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- SCaN: A Screening and Characterization Platform for Nanosuspensions Enables In Vivo Delivery of a Crystalline hRpn13ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- New Findings on the Crystal Polymorphism of Imepitoin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bioactive compounds in Penyanqing preparation in THP-1 inflammatory cells induced by Lipopolysaccharide.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Article
- Ginsenoside Compound K Assisted G-Quadruplex Folding and Regulated G-Quadruplex-Containing Transcription.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Physico-Chemical Properties of Glipizide: New Findings.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Polymorphism exhibits different physicochemical properties, which can impact the bioavailability and bioactivity of solid drugs. This study focused on identifying the polymorphs of ginsenoside compound K (CK) and studying their different behaviors in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Four CK polymorphs (form I, II, III, and IV) from organic solvents were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). A feasible LC-MS/MS method was exploited to determine the PK parameters. Form II displayed the most exposure, followed by form I, III, and IV. Notably, all forms showed sex dimorphism, and the bioavailability in the female group was about two-fold higher than in the male group. The PD properties were investigated in carrageenan-induced acute paw inflammation, and form II at 20 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of edema by 42.7%. This study clarified the polymorphic, PK, and PD characters of four crystal forms of CK, and the data suggested that form II had the best efficacy for drug development.
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