Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33915439›Full record

ArticleJournal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials2021

Three-dimensional surface strain analyses of simulated defect and augmented spine segments: A biomechanical cadaveric study.

Asghar Rezaei, Maryam Tilton, Hugo Giambini, Yong Li, Alexander Hooke, Alan L Miller Ii, Michael J Yaszemski, Lichun Lu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Biomechanical effects of defect size and location on vertebral fracture.Journal of medical and biological engineering · 2025
    Article
  4. Strain distribution in the bursal rotator cuff based on whole-muscle and muscle subregion-specific loading: A cadaveric study.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Asghar RezaeiDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Maryam TiltonDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Hugo GiambiniDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Yong LiDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Alexander HookeDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Alan L Miller IiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Michael J YaszemskiDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Lichun LuDepartment of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address: lu.lichun@mayo.edu.

Funding

Musculoskeletal Research Training ProgramT32AR056950 · NIAMS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Jennifer J Westendorf · 2009 to 2026
$7.0M
Metastatic Spine Tumors: Minimally Invasive Fracture Risk Analysis and Treatment - MasterR01AR056212 · NIAMS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Benjamin D Elder, Lichun Lu · 2008 to 2026
$6.2M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR056212NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR056950
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While several studies have investigated fracture outcomes of intact vertebrae, fracture properties in metastatically-involved and augmented vertebrae are still far from understood. Consequently, this study was aimed to use 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) method to investigate the failure properties of spine segments with simulated metastatic lesions, segments augmented with poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), and compare the outcomes with intact spines. To this end, biomechanical experiments accompanied by 3D-DIC were performed on spine segments consisting of three vertebrae and two intervertebral discs (IVDs) at loading rates of 0.083 mm/s, mimicking a physiological loading condition, and 200 mm/s, mimicking an impact-type loading condition such as a fall or an accident. Full-field surface strain analysis indicated PPF augmentation reduces the superior/inferior strain when compared with the defect specimens; Presence of a defect in the middle vertebra resulted in shear band fracture pattern. Failure of the superior endplates was confirmed in several defect specimens as the superior IVDs were protruding out of defects. The augmenting PPF showed lower superior/inferior surface strain values at the fast speed as compared to the slow speed. The results of our study showed a significant increase in the fracture force from slow to fast speeds (p = 0.0246). The significance of the study was to determine the fracture properties of normal, pathological, and augmented spinal segments under physiologically-relevant loading conditions. Understanding failure properties associated with either defect (i.e., metastasis lesion) or augmented (i.e., post-treatment) spine segments could potentially provide new insights on the outcome prediction and treatment planning. Additionally, this study provides new knowledge on the effect of PPF augmentation in improving fracture properties, potentially decreasing the risk of fracture in osteoporotic and metastatic spines.

Indexed as

Intervertebral DiscSpinal FracturesBiomechanical PhenomenaCadaverHumansLumbar VertebraeSpineBiomechanics of vertebral bodiesFracture outcomesMechanical testingMetastasisVertebral augmentation

Identifiers

PMID33915439
PMCPMC8744146

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.