ArticlePloS one2021
TGFβ1, MMPs and cytokines profiles in ocular surface: Possible tear biomarkers for pseudoexfoliation.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Left-Right Determination Factor 2 (LEFTY2) Is an Aqueous Humor Biomarker for Exfoliation Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Incision of the pre-Descemet layer and Descemet membrane affects outflow facility:Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in PEDF, MMP-2, and TGF-β2 levels in the aqueous humor of cataract patients and their correlation with disease severity.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Article
- Identification and validation of key biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for primary open-angle glaucoma.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Article
- Lysyl oxidase-like 1-antisense 1 (LOXL1-AS1) lncRNA differentially regulates gene and protein expression, signaling and morphology of human ocular cells.Human molecular genetics · 2023Article
- A Feedback Loop between TGF-β1 andCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- TGF-β-3 Induces Different Effects from TGF-β-1 and -2 on Cellular Metabolism and the Spatial Properties of the Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of Decorin in the Lens and Ocular Diseases.Cells · 2022Review
- Clinical Tear Fluid Proteomics-A Novel Tool in Glaucoma Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Identification of the potential biological target molecules related to primary open-angle glaucoma.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Global and Comparative Proteome Signatures in the Lens Capsule, Trabecular Meshwork, and Iris of Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Multiplex protein analysis for the study of glaucoma.Expert review of proteomics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposePseudoexfoliation (PXF) is a unique form of glaucoma characterized by accumulation of exfoliative material in the eyes. Changes in tear profile in disease stages may give us insights into molecular mechanisms involved in causing glaucoma in the eye.
methodsAll patients were categorized into three main categories; pseudoexfoliation (PXF), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and cataract, which served as control. Cytokines, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and fibronectin (FN1) were assessed with multiplex bead assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), gelatin zymography, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively in different ocular tissues such as tears, tenon's capsule, aqueous humor (AH) and serum samples of patients with PXF stages.
resultsWe found that TGFβ1, MMP-9 and FN1 protein expression were upregulated in tears, tenon's capsule and AH samples in PXG compared to PXF, though the MMP-9 protein activity was downregulated in PXG compared with control or PXF. We have also found that in PXG tears sample the fold change of TGF-α (Transforming Growth Factor-α), MDC (Macrophage Derived Chemokine), IL-8 (Interleukin-8), VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) were significantly downregulated and the levels of GM-CSF (Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor), IP-10 (Interferon- γ produced protein-10) were significant upregulated. While in AH; IL-6 (Interleukin-6), IL-8, VEGF, IFN-a2 (Interferon- α2), GRO (Growth regulated alpha protein) levels were found lower and IL1a (Interleukin-1α) level was higher in PXG compared to PXF. And in serum; IFN-a2, Eotaxin, GM-CSF, Fractalkine, IL-10 (Interleukin-10), IL1Ra (Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist), IL-7 (Interleukin-7), IL-8, MIP1β (Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β), MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) levels were significantly upregulated and PDGF-AA (Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA) level was downregulated in the patients with PXG compared to PXF.
conclusionsAltered expression of these molecules in tears may therefore be used as a signal for onset of glaucoma or for identifying eyes at risk of developing glaucoma in PXF.
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