Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33914736›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2021

CRISPR gRNA phenotypic screening in zebrafish reveals pro-regenerative genes in spinal cord injury.

Marcus Keatinge, Themistoklis M Tsarouchas, Tahimina Munir, Nicola J Porter, Juan Larraz, Davide Gianni, Hui-Hsin Tsai, Catherina G Becker, David A Lyons, Thomas Becker

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  7. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  11. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  16. ThemBio · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Marcus KeatingeCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Themistoklis M TsarouchasCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-1436-1507
Tahimina MunirCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Nicola J PorterCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1582-9383
Juan LarrazCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0651-0840
Davide GianniBiogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-6331-0677
Hui-Hsin TsaiBiogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Catherina G BeckerCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9501-6165
David A LyonsCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1166-4454
Thomas BeckerCentre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2578-0819
University of Edinburgh · GBBiogen (United States) · US

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/R003742/1Medical Research Council MR/R001049/1Wellcome Trust 102836/Z/13/ZWellcome Trust 214244
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Zebrafish exhibit robust regeneration following spinal cord injury, promoted by macrophages that control post-injury inflammation. However, the mechanistic basis of how macrophages regulate regeneration is poorly understood. To address this gap in understanding, we conducted a rapid in vivo phenotypic screen for macrophage-related genes that promote regeneration after spinal injury. We used acute injection of synthetic RNA Oligo CRISPR guide RNAs (sCrRNAs) that were pre-screened for high activity in vivo. Pre-screening of over 350 sCrRNAs allowed us to rapidly identify highly active sCrRNAs (up to half, abbreviated as haCRs) and to effectively target 30 potentially macrophage-related genes. Disruption of 10 of these genes impaired axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury. We selected 5 genes for further analysis and generated stable mutants using haCRs. Four of these mutants (tgfb1a, tgfb3, tnfa, sparc) retained the acute haCR phenotype, validating the approach. Mechanistically, tgfb1a haCR-injected and stable mutant zebrafish fail to resolve post-injury inflammation, indicated by prolonged presence of neutrophils and increased levels of il1b expression. Inhibition of Il-1β rescues the impaired axon regeneration in the tgfb1a mutant. Hence, our rapid and scalable screening approach has identified functional regulators of spinal cord regeneration, but can be applied to any biological function of interest.

Indexed as

AnimalsAxonsClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsDisease Models, AnimalMacrophagesOsteonectinRecovery of FunctionRegenerationRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsSpinal CordSpinal Cord InjuriesSpinal Cord RegenerationTransforming Growth Factor beta1Transforming Growth Factor beta3ZebrafishZebrafish ProteinsOsteonectinRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systemstgfb1a protein, zebrafishTransforming Growth Factor beta1Transforming Growth Factor beta3Zebrafish Proteins

Identifiers

PMID33914736
PMCPMC8084196
OpenAlexW3157797565

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.